1 / 15

Jews in the Interwar Poland

Jews in the Interwar Poland. Poland. 1918 German part: strong Polish nationalism – anti-semitism Austrian part: Poles had strong autonomy Russian part: part industiralized, Galicia backwards Multinationalism: 21 mio – 1/3 non Poles Democracy: Sejm

tayte
Download Presentation

Jews in the Interwar Poland

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Jews in the Interwar Poland

  2. Poland • 1918 • German part: strong Polish nationalism – anti-semitism • Austrian part: Poles had strong autonomy • Russian part: part industiralized, Galicia backwards • Multinationalism: 21 mio – 1/3 non Poles • Democracy: Sejm • L – PPS – Jozef Pilsudski – 1926-35 authoritarian regime • R – Endek – Roman Dmowski • 1935 – influence of Nazism

  3. The Jewries of Interwar Period • Galicia • Assimilationism x nationalism • Kresy • Multinational region • Orthodoxy x haskala • Political activity • Bund • Strong Zionism • Congress Poland • Extremeassimilationism x extreme orthodoxy

  4. Demography • Jews: 1/3 of urban population • Lower middle class, proletariat

  5. The Jewish Question in the New Poland • Zionists negotiate to obtain Jewish national autonomy • Proportional representation at the Sejm • Polish leaders not interested • Treaty on Minorities – deep ressentment among Poles • No Jewish autonomy despite the Treaty • 1918-20 pogroms tolerated by the army • Limited civil rights for Jews of Congress Poland untill 1931

  6. 1920´s • Zionism (strong in Galicia & Kresy) • Bund (strong in Congress Poland) & Poalei Zion - Marxist • Agudat Israel (leading in Congress Poland) • Antizionist, orthodox • active cooperation with the government after 1926

  7. Zionists-unprecedented mass Zionist movement- divided • „The main thing is to take Jews to Palestine, not to spend valuable time and money on election campaigns.“ • Palestine : new Jewish workers society • General Zionists: National Minorities Bloc – Grünbaum

  8. 4th aliyah • 1924-26 • Over 30 thousand Jews – for the 1st time more Polish Jews to Palestine than to America • 1926 – economy crisis in Palestine

  9. Culture • Yiddish : schools, press, theatre, litterature • Tarbut – Hebrew schools • 60% of Jews – free Polish state schools

  10. Violent anti-semitism in the 1930´s • 1934 – German-Polish non agression pact  increase of Nazi influence • 1935 – antidemocratic constitution • Death of Pilsudski • 1936 – economic discrimination • Government supports Jewish emigration • Madagascar • Supported by Jabotinski – welcome by the Polish government

  11. Violent anti-semitism in the 1930´s • 1935-36 • Interdiction of the Jewish ritual slaughter • „ghetto benches“, student murders • 1937 „Aryan paragraph“ – Jews can´t make part of doctors or journalists associations • Economic boycott • Regular pogroms • Greater poverty

  12. 1930´s • Success of Jabotinski and Betar (Jew. youth promoting military discipline) • Bund – success in Warsaw city council 1938 • Disunity among Jews • Aliyah as a solution of the Jewish question = failure

  13. Conclusion • New nation-state = dangerous for Jews • No autonomy granted to Jews – not recognized as a nation • No anti-Jewish legislation in the 1930´s ( x Rumania & Hungary)

More Related