European Imperialism in Africa: The Scramble for Territories

1. AFRICAA Story of European Imperialism

2. • How did you feel during this activity? • Why did you compete with the other groups to claim the furniture? • Do you think this was a fair way to claim the furniture? • What might have been a better way? • If unclaimed furniture remains, who should get it?

3. Africa: 1870’s

5. In what ways are these maps different? Based on YOUR experience during this activity, what do you think occurred among European powers in Africa between 1850-1914?

6. The Scramble for African Territory

7. The students ( ) became caught up in a competitive race to claim pieces of furniture ( ) on the other side of the room ( ). The students ( ) used Post-its ( ) to stake their claim. European Colonial Powers African Territory Africa European Colonial Powers Flags

8. The students ( ) claimed furniture ( ) without knowing exactly how it would benefit them ( ). One group of students ( ) had directions that told the group to start sooner ( ) and other students() resented this unfair privilege and scrambled to catch up. European Colonial Powers Colonies Territories were unknown and few reaped any benefit for the colonial power at that time Great Britain Britain had a head start in acquiring colonies Other Colonial Powers

9. The students ( ) discussed the fairness of the scramble and who should keep what furniture ( ). European Colonial Powers The Berlin Conference of 1884-85

10. This is known as the The African Scramble

11. Analyzing Imperial Motives

13. Motives of European Imperialism • IDEOLOGICAL: • These motives were based on cultural values such as the belief that the white race was superior, other cultures were "primitive,” Europeans should "civilize" peoples in other parts of the world. Great nations should have empires, and only the strongest nations will survive.

14. Motives of European Imperialism • POLITICAL: • These motives were based on a nation's desire to gain power, to compete with other European countries. to expand territory, to exercise military force, to gain prestige by winning colonies, and to boost national pride and security.

15. Motives of European Imperialism 3. ECONOMIC: These motives included the desire to make money, to expand and control foreign trade, to create new markets for products. to acquire raw materials and cheap labor, to compete for investments and resources. and to export industrial technology and transportation methods.

16. Motives of European Imperialism 4. EXPLORATORY: These motives were based on the desire to explore "unknown “or uncharted territory, to conduct scientific research, to conduct medical searches for the causes and treatment of diseases.to go on an adventure, and to investigate "unknown" lands and cultures.

17. Motives of European Imperialism RELIGIOUS: These motives included the desire to spread Christianity, to protect European missionaries in other lands.to spread European values and moral beliefs, to educate peoples of other cultures and to end the slave trade in Africa.

19. Open-Shaft Mining South Africa ECONOMIC - African labor, exploiting natural resources for profit IDEOLOGICAL - Europeans treating Africans as inferior

21. A Methodist Sunday School, Angola RELIGIOUS- Europeans spreading Christian values and education IDEOLOGICAL - Teaching European customs and beliefs

23. Germans Taking Possession of Cameroon POLITICAL - Flag shows national identity or desire to possess new territory, European and African leaders meeting, European military presence EXPLORATORY - Exploring foreign lands

25. Quote from Henry Stanley, 1882 IDEOLOGICAL - Belief in superiority of Europeans or that Europeans should "civilize" Africa

27. Africans Bringing Ivory to Wagons, South Africa ECONOMIC - Collecting African resources

29. Map of Central Africa EXPLORATORYInterest in unexploredterritories, mapping geographic features of Africa

31. Advertisement for Pears Soap and an excerpt from “The White Man’s Burden” IDEOLOGICALBelief in European superiority, need to "civilize" captive peoples, need to cleanse "dark corners of earth“ ECONOMIC - Boats transporting goods to colonies, advertisement to sell a product

33. Nursing students in Burma (Myanmar) 1888 IDEOLOGICAL - Teaching European values RELIGIOUS - Educating people of other cultures

35. Chinese being savaged by European powers POLITICAL - Europeans depicted as animalscompeting for piece of China ECONOMIC - Desire to trade in China to make cash RELIGIOUS - Chinese depicted as heathen, calls on Christian duty to preach in China IDEOLOGICAL - Belief that foreigners should be "civilized" by Europeans

37. BaggedgroundnutsinpyramidstacksinWestAfrica ECONOMIC Africanstransporting indigenousgoods

39. French Capture of the Saigon Citadel …Vietnam POLITICAL - Exerting military force, battling for possession of territory, carrying flags to establish political control

41. British Lipton Tea Ad ECONOMIC - Goods from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) transported to London, use of indigenous labor and resources, exportation of industrial technology POLITICAL - Gaining national prestige through international trade

43. The Rhodes Colossus POLITICAL Desire to control African territory, desire to boost national pride and gain power by winning colonies, desire to have military presence EXPLORATORY Exploring or venturing into unknown territory

44. Epitaph from David Livingstone

45. Epitaph from David Livingstone RELIGIOUS Missionary who spreads his faith, desireto abolish the slave trade EXPLORATORYTraveled to discover secrets of Africa

47. Suez Canal, Egypt 1870 ECONOMIC Exportation of transportationmethods to improve trade POLITICAL Boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories

49. British claims that they will build an empire from Cairo to Cape town . • Establishing a school in the Congo to help spread Christianity • Imprisoning tribal leaders who refuse to adopt European customs. • Exploitation of diamond mines in South Africa.

50. “We wish to bring European values to corners that have yet to be discovered.” • “Europe should supply the people of Africa with all the technology to help make Africans more civilized”. • U.S. construction of the Panama Canal in 1904