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Introduction to Cognition

Explore cognition, including concepts, prototypes, and problem-solving techniques like algorithms and heuristics. Learn about obstacles to problem-solving and the role of insight in finding solutions.

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Introduction to Cognition

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  1. Introduction to Cognition

  2. Cognition • Cognition: The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating • Includes the way we create concepts, solve problems, make decisions, and form judgments

  3. Concepts • Concept: A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. • Enables us to chunk large amounts of information – don’t need to treat every new piece of information as unique. These animals all look different, but they fall under our concept of “dogs”.

  4. Prototypes Prototypes:Mental image orbest example of a concept Which of these is closest to your prototype of a bird?? Chair? Vehicle? Transportation?

  5. Effects of Prototypes on Memory • Once we place an item in a category, our memory later shifts towards the category prototype • When shown a face that was 70% CA and 30% AS, people categorize as CA and later recall seeing a more prototypically CA person

  6. What is thought? Our concept of men may include all of the following guys…. But they are based on our prototype (ideal) male….. Concepts (schemas)…usually based on prototypes.

  7. Congrats! You’re stranded on the moon.

  8. Solving Problems • Algorithm • A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem • Heuristic • A rule-of-thumb strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently (speedier but error-prone)

  9. Algorithm or Heuristic? • S P L O Y O C H Y G • 907,200 possibilities • Trial and Error • Computers • The quadratic formula • Competing from home on the Wheel of Fortune

  10. Solving Problems • Insight • A sudden and novel realization of the solution to a problem

  11. Insight Examples • You don’t need a parachute to skydive. You just need a parachute to skydive twice. • I once shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas will never know. • Box and Banana- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDntbGRPeEU • Chimp • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-YWrPzsmEE

  12. Obstacles to Problem Solving – Functional Fixedness • Functional Fixedness: the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

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