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2.3 – The Critical Period

Explore the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the process of creating a stronger government through the Philadelphia Convention. Learn about the debates, compromises, and the ratification of the Constitution.

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2.3 – The Critical Period

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  1. 2.3 – The Critical Period

  2. Articles of Confederation, November 15, 1777 • Structure: 1 body-Legislative, 1 House (Unicameral) • Powers: Make war/peace, ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set-up monetary system, post office, navy, army from states (ask), uniform weights and measures, settle disputes among states

  3. State Obligations: obey Articles of Confederation, supply troops, surrender fugitives, allow open travel • Weaknesses: 1 vote per state, couldn’t collect taxes, couldn’t regulate trade, no executive branch to enforce acts of Congress, no National court system, full agreement on amendments, 9/13 agreement on laws

  4. More Problems, 1780’s • October 19, 1781 – American Revolution Ends • Nation faced big economic and political problems because of Articles of Confederation • States bickered often, refused to support new government, taxed each others goods

  5. 2.4 – Creating a Constitution

  6. Need for a Stronger Government • Philadelphia Convention, May, 1787 • Delegates agreed to create a new government • 55/74 delegates attended, 12/13 States attended • Framers (all had distinguished backgrounds and most had education) • Independence Hall – Sworn to Secrecy – Extremely HOT!

  7. Virginia Plan • 3 Branches (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial) • Legislative: Bicameral, • decided by population & monetary contributions, • House – popular election, • Senate – House elected

  8. New Jersey Plan • 3 Branches (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial) • Legislative: Unicameral, • Each state has equal representation

  9. How should the States be represented in Congress? • Connecticut Compromise • Bicameral Legislature: • House – Population, • Senate – equal representation • Sources of the Constitution • British tradition, State Governments,

  10. 2.5 – Ratifying the Constitution

  11. Federalists vs. Favored ratification Madison & Hamilton Federalist Papers Anti-Federalists Opposed ratification Jefferson Believed National Government was too powerful Wanted Bill of Rights Date Finished: September 17, 1787

  12. September 13, 1788: 11/13 States ratified the Constitution • New York City – Capital, Congress located on Wall Street • April 30, 1789: George Washington took the oath of office

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