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Learn about measures and time signatures in music, including bar lines, strong and weak beats, and how to count rhythms. Explore examples from Vivaldi's "The Four Seasons" for a practical understanding.
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Pathways to Harmony Chapter 3: Basic Rhythms 3.1 Measures and Time Signatures
Bar lines and measures • Vertical lines on the staff are called bar lines.
Bar lines and measures • Vertical lines on the staff are called bar lines. • The spaces between the bar lines are called measures.
Bar lines and measures • Vertical lines on the staff are called bar lines. • The spaces between the bar lines are called measures. • The first measure in a staff usually has no left bar line.
Bar lines and measures • Vertical lines on the staff are called bar lines. • The spaces between the bar lines are called measures. • The first measure in a staff usually has no left bar line. • Measures show the regular pattern of strong and weak beats in music: The first beat of every measure is strong.
Bar lines and measures • Vertical lines on the staff are called bar lines. • The spaces between the bar lines are called measures. • The first measure in a staff usually has no left bar line. • Measures show the regular pattern of strong and weak beats in music: The first beat of every measure is strong. • Each measure has the same number of beats (or counts).
Bar lines and measures • Vertical lines on the staff are called bar lines. • The spaces between the bar lines are called measures. • The first measure in a staff usually has no left bar line. • Measures show the regular pattern of strong and weak beats in music: The first beat of every measure is strong. • Each measure has the same number of beats (or counts). • The double bar at the end of the above staff signals the end of the music
Time Signatures • The numbers at the beginning of a piece, the two fours after the clef in the above phrase, are called a time signature.
Time Signatures • The numbers at the beginning of a piece, the two fours after the clef in the above phrase, are called a time signature. • The time signature tells how long each measure is.
Time Signatures • The numbers at the beginning of a piece, the two fours after the clef in the above phrase, are called a time signature. • The time signature tells how long each measure is. • The top number tells how many counts there are in each measure. This phrase has four counts in each measure.
Time Signatures • The numbers at the beginning of a piece, the two fours after the clef in the above phrase, are called a time signature. • The time signature tells how long each measure is. • The top number tells how many counts there are in each measure. This phrase has four counts in each measure. • The bottom number tells what kind of note to count. If there is a 4 on the bottom, count the time in terms of quarter notes.
Listen to the Rhythm • You will soon LISTEN to the phrase whose rhythmic organization and notation was just explained.
Listen to the Rhythm • You will soon LISTEN to the phrase whose rhythmic organization and notation was just explained. • FOLLOW the notation in the above illustration as you hear the music.
Listen to the Rhythm • You will soon LISTEN to the phrase whose rhythmic organization and notation was just explained. • FOLLOW the notation in the above illustration as you hear the music. • RECALL the durations of quarter, eighth and half notes from Chapter One.
Listen to the Rhythm • You will soon LISTEN to the phrase whose rhythmic organization and notation was just explained. • FOLLOW the notation in the above illustration as you hear the music. • RECALL the durations of quarter, eighth and half notes from Chapter One. • COUNT STEADILY to four during each measure.
Listen to the Rhythm • You will soon LISTEN to the phrase whose rhythmic organization and notation was just explained. • FOLLOW the notation in the above illustration as you hear the music. • RECALL the durations of quarter, eighth and half notes from Chapter One. • COUNT STEADILY to four during each measure. • Now CLICK the icon of the speaker to start the playback.
Listen to another rhythm • The above music is the violin part in an excerpt of "Autumn", from Vivaldi's The Four Seasons
Listen to another rhythm • The above music is the violin part in an excerpt of "Autumn", from Vivaldi's The Four Seasons • NOTICE the rhythms and how they are organized into measures of four beats each (the last measure is incomplete).
Listen to another rhythm • The above music is the violin part in an excerpt of "Autumn", from Vivaldi's The Four Seasons • NOTICE the rhythms and how they are organized into measures of four beats each (the last measure is incomplete). • As before when you hear the music, COUNT to four twice, once for each of the two measures.
Listen to another rhythm • The above music is the violin part in an excerpt of "Autumn", from Vivaldi's The Four Seasons • NOTICE the rhythms and how they are organized into measures of four beats each (the last measure is incomplete). • As before when you hear the music, COUNT to four twice, once for each of the two measures. • Now PLAY the music.
Your turn • DOWNDLOAD Chapter Three of Pathways to Harmony from this website http://www.gmajormusictheory.org/Fundamentals/workbooks.html • DO worksheets 3.1 to 3.3.
