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Overview of Islam

Overview of Islam . Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam: Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the Arabian city of Mecca After the Hegira to Medina, Muhammad gained converts & returned to Mecca . Overview of Islam .

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Overview of Islam

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  1. Overview of Islam • Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam: • Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the Arabian city of Mecca • After the Hegira to Medina, Muhammad gained converts & returned to Mecca

  2. Overview of Islam • Muslims believe in the Five Pillars of Islam: • Faith: belief in one god, Allah & the prophet Muhammad • Prayer: 5 times per day towards Mecca • Alms: 2.5% to charity • Fasting: During the month of Ramadan • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca

  3. Class Discussion:Who will take over after Muhammad dies?

  4. Islam After Muhammad • When Muhammad died in 632, the Muslim community elected a new leader called a caliph (“successor”) • The first 4 caliphs all knew Muhammad & promised to stay true to the Qur'an & Muhammad’s message Muhammad & the Rightly Guided Caliphs

  5. The Rightly Guided Caliphs • The first caliph was Muhammad’s friend & father-in-law, Abu Bakr: • His goal was to keep Muslims united under his gov’t (“caliphate”) • His used jihad to control & expand the Muslim empire

  6. The Rightly Guided Caliphs • The empire expanded under the next caliphs

  7. During the Rightly Guided Caliphates, the Islamic Empire expanded “Dar-al-Islam” (the areas where Islam is practiced) The caliphs used the Shari'ah (laws of Islam) to govern the empire The caliphate never forced non-Muslims to convert, especially “People of the Book” & allowed religious tolerance as long as taxes were paid to the empire

  8. The Umayyad Empire • After Ali’s death in 661 led to a civil war for control of the empire: • The clan that came to power started the Umayyad Empire • But the rise of the Umayyads led to a division in Islam

  9. The Sunni-Shi’a Split Before the Umayyads, caliphs were elected members of Muhammad’s family Sunni Muslims accepted the rule of the Umayyads The Sunni believe caliphs should follow Muhammad’s example, but don’t have to be relatives • Shi’a Muslims rejected the Umayyads • The Shi’a believe that caliph must come directly from Muhammad’s bloodline

  10. The Umayyad Empire The Umayyads expanded the empire which brought wealth & new Islamic converts

  11. In 750, the Umayyad Empire was overthrown by the Abbasids Under the Abbasids, the Islamic Empire grew to its greatest extent

  12. The Abbasid Empire • The Abbasid Empire (750 to 1258): • The Abbasid caliphate built a strong gov’t bureaucracy to rule their empire • Muslim merchants expanded wealth bytrading across Africa,Indian Ocean,and Mediterranean Sea

  13. The Abbasid Empire Wealth from trade led to a golden age, a time of great Muslim achievements in science, math, medicine, & architecture

  14. Closure Activity Complete the Monotheism Chart on your notes

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