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FUNGI

FUNGI. 22-1 Characteristics of Fungi 22-2 Fungal Diversity 22-3 Fungal Associations. Fungi Kingdom .

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FUNGI

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  1. FUNGI 22-1 Characteristics of Fungi 22-2 Fungal Diversity 22-3 Fungal Associations

  2. Fungi Kingdom Fungi are heterotrophic – the stalk and the cap of a mushroom are not green like the leaves of a plant; plants appear green because they contain chlorophyll; fungi do not contain chlorophyll; fungi obtain energy by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings

  3. Fungi Kingdom • Fungi have filamentous bodies – the long slender filaments weave tightly together to form the fungus body and reproductive structures • A giant fungus of the species Armillaria ostoyae in the Malheur National Forest in Oregon was found to span 8.9 km² (2,200 acres), which would make it the largest organism by area.

  4. Fungi Kingdom • Fungal cells contain chitin – cells of all fungi have walls made of chitin (the tough material found in the exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods)

  5. Fungi Kingdom • Fungi have nuclear mitosis – in plants/animals the nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis; in mushrooms the nuclear membrane remains intact and mitosis is complete when the nuclear membrane pinches in two

  6. Fungi Structure • Hyphae – slender filaments that make up fungi bodies • Mycelium – tangled mass of hyphae

  7. Fungi are Heterotrophic • Fungi digest food outside their bodies • Hyphae tips secrete powerful digestive enzymes that break down organic matter

  8. Fungi are Decomposers • In their search of food, many fungi attack nonliving organic matter and decompose these materials. • Other fungi absorb nutrients from living hosts, which sometimes become weakened and succumb to infection or disease.

  9. Fungi Reproduction • Fungi reproduce by releasing spores. • Spores form in reproductive structures (basidia) at the tips of hyphae. • Reproductive structures (mushrooms) extend high above the food source so that air currents can carry the spores to a new habitat. • When a spore lands in a suitable place, it begins to divide and soon gives rise to a new fungal hypha.

  10. SPORES • Spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporophyte. • a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. • A chief difference between spores and seeds as dispersal units is that spores have very little stored food resources compared with seeds. • Once conditions are favorable, the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte.

  11. Phyla of Fungi • Zygomycota: black bread molds • Ascomycota: morels, truffles, yeasts, cup fungi • Basidiomycota: mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts • Deuteromycota (Fungi Imperfecti - sexual reproduction has not been observed): Penicillium, athletes foot, ringworm, blue cheese mold

  12. Fungal Associations • Lichen – symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner in which the fungal partner protects the photosynthetic • Mycorrhizae – symbiotic association in which a fungus transfers minerals to a plant’s roots, which in turn supply carbohydrates to the fungus

  13. Fungi Quiz Label the parts of the mushroom

  14. Fungi Quiz • What substance makes up the cell walls of fungi? CHITIN

  15. Fungi Quiz • How do fungi obtain energy? FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHIC DECOMPOSERS. THE HYPHAE TIPS SECRETE AN ENZYME THAT BREAK DOWN ORGANIC MATERIAL.

  16. Fungi Quiz • How do fungi reproduce? FUNGI REPRODUCE BY SPORES.

  17. Fungi Quiz • Molds belong in the ________ phylum. ZYGOMYCOTA

  18. Fungi Quiz • Yeast belongs in the __________ phylum. ASCOMYCOTA

  19. Fungi Quiz • Mushrooms belong in the __________ phylum. BASIDIOMYCOTA

  20. Fungi Quiz • Describe the symbiotic association that occurs in lichen. A fungus and a photosynthetic partner in which the fungal partner protects the photosynthetic partner

  21. Fungi Quiz • Describe the symbiotic association that occurs in mycorrhizae. Fungus transfers minerals to a plant’s roots, which in turn supply carbohydrates to the fungus

  22. Vocabulary – Due Monday • Endomycorrihizae • Hypha • Fungi imperfecti • Lichen • Mycelium • Septa • Yeast • Zygosporangia • Ascocarp • Ascus • Basidium • Chitin • Dikaryon • Dikaryotic • Ectomycorrhizae • Endomycorrihizae

  23. Fungus Survey • Day 1 – Mushroom and Yeast • Day 2 – Mold and Lichen

  24. Mushroom • Diagram mushroom – label cap, stem, gills

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