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Classification

Classification. Of Living Things. I. What is Classification?. A. Classification is grouping living things according to similar characteristics. How could you classify the following: dog lion fox tiger housecat wolf. How could you classify the following: pine spruce oak hemlock

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Classification

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  1. Classification Of Living Things

  2. I. What is Classification? A. Classification is grouping living things according to similar characteristics • How could you classify the following: • dog • lion • fox • tiger • housecat • wolf

  3. How could you classify the following: • pine • spruce • oak • hemlock • maple • alder

  4. B.Taxonomy is the science of classification which involves identifying, classifying, and naming • taxis = arrangement or order • nomy = law II. Definitions A. Autotroph--an organism capable of making its own food B. Heterotroph--an organism that cannot make its own food. It obtains its energy by feeding on other organisms. C. Prokaryote--an organism whose cells lack a nucleus D. Eukaryote--an organism whose cells contain a nucleus

  5. III. All living things are classified into eight major groups: • domain • kingdom • phylum • class • order • family • genus • species A. We can use a mnemonic device to help us remember these: Dumb King Phillip came over for grape soda

  6. Domain ……………decade Kingdom……………year Phylum ……………month Class ……………..week Order …………….day Family …………..hour Genus ………….minute Species ………..second General Specific B. We can use an analogy with time to help us understand how these levels are included in the levels above

  7. C. Domains and Kingdoms are the largest, most inclusive, most general groups or levels D. The genus and specific name together make up the scientific name (the species name) -- a two-part name • The genus name is capitalized, but the specific name is not • Scientific names are italicized (or sometimes underlined) • Examples: • Canis lupis = wolf Allium cepa = onion Escherichia coli = E. coli

  8. e) Species -- a group of organisms that are able to breed, producing fertile offspring f) Genus -- may consist of several closely related species, or only one species

  9. IV. Domains & Kingdoms • Plants • Complex multicellular organisms • Eukaryotes • Usually green because they contain chlorophyll • Make their own food in a process called photosynthesis (autotrophs)

  10. Animals • Complex multicellular organisms • Eukaryotes • Capture and eat their food to digest it (heterotrophs) • Most can move from place to place • Have a nervous system to sense surroundings • Cells lack cell walls

  11. Fungi • Complex multicellular organisms (some are unicellular) • Eukaryotes • Originally classified as plants, but do not contain chlorophyll • Do not perform photosynthesis or eat their food • Absorb nutrients from their surroundings (heterotrophs)

  12. Protists • Single celled or simple multicellular organisms • Have a nucleus -- eukaryotes • Animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like in how they obtain nutrients (some are autotrophs, some are heterotrophs)

  13. Archaea and Bacteria • Extremely small, single-celled organisms • Do not have a nucleus -- prokaryotes • Autotrophs and heterotrophs • Can live in many different environments such as very hot, very cold, in soil, in animals, in water, and in the air

  14. F.

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