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Early 18c Europe: Proto-Industrialization

Early 18c Europe: Proto-Industrialization. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. The “Little Ice Age”: 1350-1700. Medieval “Warm Period”. In the 17c, Europe relied on a very inefficient agricultural system to feed its population. 17c European Agrarianism.

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Early 18c Europe: Proto-Industrialization

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  1. Early 18c Europe: Proto-Industrialization By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  2. The “Little Ice Age”:1350-1700 Medieval “Warm Period” In the 17c, Europe relied on a very inefficient agricultural system to feed its population.

  3. 17c EuropeanAgrarianism

  4. Feudal Common Field System

  5. Yield Ratio for Grain Crops(1400-1800)

  6. Grain Supplies in 16c Europe

  7. Cereal Crops in 18c Europe

  8. Village and Small Town Life

  9. Small Town “Farmer’s Markets”

  10. The Village School (17c)

  11. Country People Playing a Ball Game

  12. A Lace Maker

  13. Supplemental Income  Cottage Industries: “Putting-Out”System

  14. The “Putting-Out” System

  15. Advantages of the Putting-Out System • Peasants could supplement their agricultural incomes. • Take advantage of winter months when farming was impossible. • Merchants could avoid the higher wages and often demanding regulations of urban labor. • Easier to reduce the number of workers when the economy was bad. • Merchants could acquire capital, which would later play a part in funding industrialization itself. • Peasants acquired future skills. • Young people could start separate households earlier, thus contributing to population growth.

  16. Disadvantage of the Putting-Out System?? • When demand rose [which it did in the 18c] this system proved inefficient. • Merchant-capitalists found it difficult to induce peasant-workers to increase their output. • This dilemma eventually led to the factory system • All the workers were concentrated in one place under the supervision of a manager. • Water or steam power could easily be applied there.

  17. “Apprentices at Their Looms”William Hogarth, 1687

  18. Population Changes

  19. Population Density: 18c Europe

  20. 18cPopulationGrowthRate

  21. European Urbanization: 1500-1800

  22. Industry & Population: 18c Europe

  23. “Gin Lane”William Hogarth1751

  24. “Beer Street”William Hogarth1751

  25. Emancipation of the Peasantry to 1812

  26. Impediments to Economic Innovation in the 18c?

  27. Why Was England Different?

  28. “Enclosed” Fields

  29. British Raw Materials

  30. 18c British Port

  31. The Growth of England’sForeign Trade in the 18c

  32. 18c English “Nouveau Riche”:The Capitalist Entrepreneur

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