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Industrialization & Segregation

Industrialization & Segregation. Making America Grow and Divide. Timeline of Events. 1826 Photography is invented 1837 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph 1846 Elias Howe invents the sewing machine. Timeline of Events. 1850 Henry Bessemer develops the process to make steel 1859

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Industrialization & Segregation

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  1. Industrialization & Segregation Making America Grow and Divide

  2. Timeline of Events • 1826 • Photography is invented • 1837 • Samuel Morse invents the telegraph • 1846 • Elias Howe invents the sewing machine

  3. Timeline of Events • 1850 • Henry Bessemer develops the process to make steel • 1859 • Charles Darwin’s Origin of the Species is published • 1860 • Internal combustion engine is invented

  4. Timeline of Events • 1865 • Marshall Fields opens the first department store • 1866 • First labor union formed ~ National Labor Union ~ founded by William H. Sylvis • “Jim Crow Laws” are in effect in the South

  5. Timeline of Events • 1867 • Dynamite is invented • Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter • 1868 • Boss Tweed heads Tammany Hall and the Tweed Ring in New York City

  6. Timeline of Events • 1869 • Central Pacific & Union Pacific complete the transcontinental railroad • Knights of Labor formed by Uriah Stephens • 1870 • Franco Prussian War breaks out • F.W. Woolworth founds the chain store

  7. Timeline of Events • 1871 • The Great Chicago Fire burns from October 8th – 10th • 1872 • Montgomery Ward begins mail order catalogs • 1873 • First electric motor is used

  8. Timeline of Events • 1875 • British labor unions win right to strike • 1876 • Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone • Rutherford B. Hayes is elected president • Porfirio Diaz seizes power in Mexico

  9. Timeline of Events • 1877 • Phonograph is invented • Munn v. Illinois establishes government regulation of railroads • Mother Jones supports the Great Strike of 1877 • Great Strike of 1877 occurs shutting down over 50,000 miles of railroad lines

  10. Timeline of Events • 1878 • Bicycle touring club is founded in Europe • 1879 • Thomas A. Edison invents a workable light bulb • 1880 • James A. Garfield is elected president

  11. Timeline of Events • 1881 • Chester A. Arthur succeeds Garfield after Garfield’s assassination • Booker T.Washington heads Tuskegee Institute • 1882 • United States restricts Chinese immigration

  12. Timeline of Events • 1883 • Germany becomes the first nation to provide national health insurance • Brooklyn Bridge is completed • Time Zones are created by C.F. Dowd

  13. Timeline of Events • 1884 • Grover Cleveland is elected president • Berlin Conference meets to divide Africa among European nations • First roller coaster opens at Coney Island, NY

  14. Timeline of Events • 1885 • Indian National Congress forms • 1886 • American Federation of Labor (AFL) is formed by Samuel Gompers • Haymarket riot turns public sentiment against unions • Sears Roebuck opens for catalog sales

  15. Timeline of Events • 1888 • Benjamin Harrison is elected president • Electric trolleys are first introduced in Richmond, Virginia • George Eastman introduces the Kodak camera

  16. Timeline of Events • 1889 • Hull House is founded in Chicago by Jane Addams • Barnum & Bailey Circus opens in London • Johnstown flood occurs in Pennsylvania killing more than 2,000 people

  17. Timeline of Events • 1890 • Colonization of sub-Saharan Africa peaks • Congress passes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act • 1891 • Ida B. Wells campaigns against lynching

  18. Timeline of Events • 1892 • Grover Cleveland is elected for a 2nd term • Ellis Island opens becoming the main immigration station on the east coast

  19. Timeline of Events • 1893 • Women in New Zealand gain voting rights • France establishes Indochina • First Ferris wheel is unveiled in Chicago, Ill.

  20. Timeline of Events • 1894 • President Cleveland sends federal troops to Illinois to end the Pullman strike • 1895 • Marconi invents the radio • X-rays are first used • Motion pictures are invented

  21. Timeline of Events • 1896 • First modern Olympic Games are held in Athens, Greece • William McKinley is elected president • Supreme Court established “separate but equal” doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson • 1898 • Hawaii is annexed by the U.S.

  22. Timeline of Events • 1899 • German psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, publishes The Interpretation of Dreams • 1900 • William McKinley is reelected

  23. Timeline of Events • 1901 • The Commonwealth of Australia is founded • William McKinley is assassinated and Theodore Roosevelt becomes president • 1903 • Wright Brothers fly the first airplane in Kittyhawk, North Carolina • First World Series for baseball held ~ Boston Pilgrims beat the Pittsburgh Pirates

  24. Timeline of Events • 1904 • Theodore Roosevelt elected president • 1905 • William Haywood founds the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies • Workers revolt in St. Petersburg, Russia • Niagara Movement founded by W.E.B. Dubois

  25. Timeline of Events • 1906 • San Francisco is hit by an earthquake on April 18th • 1907 • Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan • 1908 • Oil is discovered in Persia • Henry Ford introduces the Model T • William H. Taft is elected president

  26. Timeline of Events • 1909 • Pauline Newman founds the ILGWU (International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union) • W.E.B. Du Bois founds the NAACP • 1910 • The appearance of Halley’s Comet causes widespread panic • Mexican Revolution begins

  27. Timeline of Events • 1911 • Triangle Shirtwaist fire occurs killing 146 women • 1912 • Woodrow Wilson is elected president • Qing dynasty in China is overthrown

  28. Expansion of Industry • Natural Resources • U.S. after Civil War ~ agricultural nation • By 1920s ~ leading industrial nation • Reasons for expansion • Wealth of natural resources • Government support of business • Growing urban population providing cheap labor and markets for new products

  29. Black Gold • 1840s • Kerosene came into use • Abraham Gesner ~ Canadian geologist discovered how to distill the fuel from oil or coal • 1859 • Edwin L. Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, PA making the removal of oil more practical

  30. Black Gold • A boom spread through Kentucky, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, and eventually Texas • Petroleum refining industries were established in Cleveland and Pittsburgh • Gasoline was not considered usable so was thrown away

  31. Bessemer Steel Process • Steel ~ made by removing carbon from iron to make it lighter and more flexible • Problem ~ how to make it easier • Iron ore deposits found in Mesabi Range of Minnesota ~ 3 miles wide and 100 miles long

  32. Bessemer Steel Process • Developed independently by British manufacturer, Henry Bessemer and American iron maker William Kelly around 1850 • Involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities • By 1880s America was producing 90% of the nation’s steel

  33. Bessemer Steel Process

  34. New Uses for Steel • Railroads ~ biggest customer ~ used steel for track • Joseph Glidden ~ barbed wire • John Deere ~ steel plow • Cyrus McCormick ~ mechanical reaper

  35. New Uses for Steel • Innovations in construction • Brooklyn Bridge ~ 1883 ~ 1595 feet across the East River in New York City • William Le Baron Jenney ~ constructed the first skyscraper ~ Home Insurance Building in Chicago

  36. New Uses for Steel

  37. New Uses for Steel

  38. Inventions Promote Change • 1876 • Thomas Alva Edison established the world’s first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ • 1880 • Incandescent Light Bulb • 1880s • Invents a system for producing & distributing electricity

  39. Inventions Promote Change

  40. Inventions Promote Change • George Westinghouse assists in making electricity safer and less expensive • 1890s ~ electric streetcars made urban travel cheaper and efficient • Also ran fans and printing presses

  41. Inventions Promote Change

  42. Inventions Promote Change • 1867 • Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter • 1876 • Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson invented the telephone • opens a way for worldwide communications • Women in the workforce • 1870 ~ 5% and by 1910 ~ 40%

  43. Inventions Promote Change

  44. The Age of Railroads • Made local transit reliable and westward expansion possible for business as well as people • Assisted in settling the West and developing the country • Huge land grants were given to the railroads by the federal government

  45. National Network • 1856 • Railroads extend to the Mississippi River • 1859 • Crossed over into Missouri • 1869 • Central Pacific and Union Pacific meet at Promontory, Utah on May 10, 1869 creating the first transcontinental railroad

  46. National Network

  47. National Network

  48. National Network

  49. Railroad Time • 1869 • Professor C.F. Dowd proposed that the earth’s surface be divided into 24 time zones • United States had 4 time zones ~ Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific • 1918 • Finally adopted by the U.S. Congress

  50. New Towns and Markets • Railroad promoted trade and interdependence • Cities like Chicago, Minneapolis, Abilene, Flagstaff, Denver and Seattle will grow, prosper and become diverse

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