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Integumentary System

Integumentary System . Accessory Structures. Accessory structures. Nails, hair follicles, skin glands. Nails. Protective covering on the ends of fingers & toes Nail plate (keratinized cells) Nail bed Lunula. Cells divide at lunula , pushing older cells toward tip of nail.

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Accessory Structures

  2. Accessory structures • Nails, hair follicles, skin glands

  3. Nails • Protective covering on the ends of fingers & toes • Nail plate (keratinized cells) • Nail bed • Lunula • Cells divide at lunula, pushing older cells toward tip of nail

  4. Q. What is the most actively growing region of the nail? • A. Lunula

  5. Fun Nail Facts • Nail appearance mirrors health. • Bluish nail beds may indicate a circulatory problem • White nail beds may be due to anemia • A dark spot not related to injury may be melanoma • Horizontal furrows may indicate a period of illness or malnutrition

  6. Hair Follicles • Hair grows from a tube-like depression called a hair follicle • Hair root – under the skin surface • Hair bulb – where cells are dividing • New cells push older cells up, they be come keratinized and die (this is the part you see!)

  7. Hair Follicles • Losing 20-100 hairs a day is normal! • A hair grows for 2-6 years then takes a break for 2-3 months • When a new hair begins to form in this follicle, the old one is pushed out

  8. Q. What is the area called where hair is growing? • A. Hair bulb

  9. Hair follicle • Arrectorpili muscle is attached to each follicle • When a person is cold, these muscles contract, causing hair to stand straight up (goose bumps)

  10. Hair Follicles • Hair color • Genes determine what type and how much pigment is produced by melanocytes in the follicle • Eumelanin – brownish/black • Pheomelanin – red/yellow

  11. Q. What causes goose bumps? • A. The hair standing on end is caused by the arrectorpili muscle contracting.

  12. Skin Glands • Sebaceous glands – usually associated with hair follicles • Secrete fatty material called sebum • Helps hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof

  13. Skin Glands • Sweat glands – coils down deep into dermis or subcutaneous layer • Eccrine glands – most common • Respond to elevated body temperature • Forehead, neck, back, palms and soles • Apocrine glands – (smelly sweat) • Respond to emotions, pain, and being frightened • Armpits and groin

  14. Skin Glands

  15. Skin Glands • Specialized sweat glands • Ceruminous glands: ear wax • Mammary glands: milk

  16. Q. What is the function of sebaceous glands? • A. Secrete sebum to keep hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof

  17. Word Bank for Labeling • Hair shaft • Hair follicle • Sebaceous gland • Dermis • Subcutaneous tissue • Arrectorpili muscle • Sweat gland • Blood vessels • Dpidermis

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