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Warm Up

Warm Up. Raise your hand if you have moved from one house to another at some point in your life. Find someone who has moved and ask them the following questions: Why did you move? Did you like the place you moved? How was it different from where you used to live?. Objectives.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Raise your hand if you have moved from one house to another at some point in your life. • Find someone who has moved and ask them the following questions: • Why did you move? • Did you like the place you moved? • How was it different from where you used to live?

  2. Objectives • Content: Determine the most important reasons for Westward Expansion. • Language: List the features of the Great Plains.

  3. Westward Expansion “The Great Plains”

  4. The Great Plains • Pre Civil War it was viewed as a “treeless wasteland” • Features: • Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west • Land eroded by wind and water • Low rainfall • Frequent dust storms

  5. The Great Plains • Now seen as a vast area for settlement and opportunity • Land • Adventure • Railroad • Gold and Silver • Escape from discrimination • Western settlement was aided by new inventions and technologies

  6. Inventions and Adaptations • There were a total of 8 adaptations and inventions that helped settlers to survive the harsh climate they are: • Railroads (most important reason for Westward Expansion)

  7. Transcontinental Railroad • Transcontinental Railroad • Completed May 10, 1869. • The last spike was driven at Promontory Point in Utah. It was called the Golden Spike. • The Union Pacific (from the East) and the Central Pacific (from the West) had laid over 1700 miles of track. • Most important reason for Westward Expansion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcAoIlyw9i0&feature=related

  8. Effects of Railroads • Towns grew along the rail line • Transported goods to cities and larger markets • Increased demand for steel, coal and construction work

  9. Effects of Railroads • Led to increase in farming and cattle ranching • Established 4 time zones in 1883. Made official in 1918 by Congress.

  10. Warm Up Honors Answer the following on notebook paper. • List 3 reasons people moved west. • Describe at least two features of the Great Plains.

  11. Warm Up Answer the following on notebook paper. • List 2 reasons people moved west. • Describe the geography of the Great Plains.

  12. Objectives • Content: Name the adaptations the settlers developed to survive in the Great Plains. • Language: Write a paragraph on the most important adaptation(s) western settlers made.

  13. 2. Dry Farming • Plant seeds deep into the ground where there was some moisture. • Allows for crops in climates that seemed un-farmable. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48H7zOQrX3U&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  14. 3. Steel Plow • By 1870’s the steel plow was invented that could break through the tough layers of sod.

  15. 4. Wheat Farming Farmers adopted an improved strain of Russian wheat which required less water and grew well in the dryer soil of the Great Plains.

  16. 5. Windmills • Farmers could use windmillsto pump water out from under the ground.

  17. 6. Sod Houses Built using rectangles of grass and the part of the soil beneath it held together by the roots. It was a similar style to an igloo. They were very well insulated, but also very damp.

  18. A Nebraska Sod House Sodbusters- Name given to the plains farmers

  19. 7. Beef Cattle Raising In the early 1800s, cattle ranches began appearing on the Great Plains, especially in Texas. Demand for beef was high, and as railroads developed, cowboys and vaqueros would drive the rancher’s cattle north to meet up with the rail lines.

  20. Vaqueros and Cowboys

  21. 8. Barbed Wire Developed barbed wire to protect their land in response to cattle herders.

  22. Warm Up – Write down two facts from looking at the maps. (You must use more than one map)

  23. Impact of Western Expansion on Native Americans

  24. Native Americans Native Americans lived a nomadic life, following their main source of food, buffalo.

  25. Treaties and Reservations • U.S. Government negotiated treaties – formal agreements between two sovereign nations. • Native Americans were citizens of their tribe, who lived within the boundaries of the U.S. • Reservations were created to encourage the Native Americans to live within clearly defined areas.

  26. Treaties and Reservations • The U.S. promised to provide food, goods and money and to protect the Native Americans from attack by other tribes and white settlers. The U.S. also promised that no further demands would be made on the Native Americans. • The U.S. Government did not keep its promises.

  27. Assimilation • Attempted to assimilate (make the Native Americans similar to the settlers) and change the Native American way of life. • Buffalo http://youtu.be/u2uLHEoP8Rw

  28. Battle of Little Big Horn • The government violated a treaty with the Sioux to mine for gold in the Black Hills of the Dakotas • The Sioux tribes left the reservation and U.S. troops were ordered in to bring them back. • Sioux Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Lt. Colonel George Custer • Custer and his entire command were killed.

  29. The Massacre at Wounded Knee • In an act of desperation, the Sioux began performing a ritual known as the Ghost Dance. • Officials found the dance alarming and banned it. • Chief Sitting Bull allowed the dance to continue and during the arrest attempt, he was killed.

  30. The Massacre at Wounded Knee • The rest of the Sioux tribe fled to Wounded Knee Creek. • While there, the U.S. army surrounded, shot and killed the entire tribe. • 300 Sioux killed • 25 U.S. soldiers killed

  31. Homestead Act WARM-UP: Write down the following definition on your page #35 Westward Expansion notes. • Homestead Act – citizens can acquire 160 acres of land as long as they pay a filing fee and live on the land for a minimum of 5 years.

  32. Content Objective: Compare Native American treatment during Westward Expansion. Language Objective: Explain the significance of the Nez Perce’s treatment.

  33. Apache • Tribe surrendered to U.S. Government despite broken promises. • Geronimo • Escaped the reservation in 1881 and continued to battle U.S. troops until his surrender in 1886. • He spent 27 years as a prisoner of war. • “I should have never surrendered,” Geronimo said on his deathbed. “I should have fought until I was the last man alive.”

  34. Nez Percé • In 1877 the Government demanded that they move their tribe to a smaller reservation in Idaho because of the gold rush. • The tribe reluctantly agreed until Chief Joseph found out members of his tribe attacked a bunch of white settlers in anger.

  35. More Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce • To save his tribe, they tried to use a military retreat to escape to Canada. • They made it 3 months and traveled 1400 miles. Chief Joseph surrendered just 40 miles short of Canadian border. • “From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever” • Heart of the Appaloosa

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