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The Persian Empire

The Persian Empire. Cyrus the Great. A tolerant ruler  he a llowed different cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions. The Greeks called him a “Law-Giver.”

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The Persian Empire

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  1. The Persian Empire

  2. Cyrus the Great • A tolerant ruler  he allowed different cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions. • The Greeks called him a “Law-Giver.” • The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.” (In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine). 580 – 529 B. C. E.

  3. Darius the Great(526 – 485 B. C. E.) • Built Persepolis. • He extended the Persian Empire to the Indus River in northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.) • Built a canal in Egypt.

  4. Darius the Great(526 – 485 B. C. E.) • Established a tax-collecting system. • Divided the empire into districts called SATRAPIES. • Built the great Royal Road system. • Established a complex postal system. • Created a network of spies called “the King’s eyes and ears.”

  5. Ancient Persepolis

  6. Persepolis

  7. The People of Persepolis

  8. Persian “Royal Road”

  9. Persian Archers & Soldiers

  10. Zoroastrianism The Belief System of the Ancient Persian Empire Focus Questions: What are the major tenants (core beliefs) of Zoroastrians? How do Zoroastrians understand the “nature of god”? How do Zoroastrians understand the “nature of the universe”? How do Zoroastrians view their place in this universe? How do Zoroastrians view their relationship with god?

  11. How do you think the military conquests of Cyrus and Darius influenced Persians’ perspective on daily life?

  12. Extent of Zoroastrianism

  13. Geographical Features of Iran How do you think geography influenced Persians’ perspective on daily life?

  14. Origins Zoroaster (Zarathushtra) c 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE Preached a new form of religion: monotheism: followers had a moral responsibility: to protect the spiritual and the physical worlds against evil keep the earth in balance by following the 3 Commandments and performing rituals

  15. Core Belief 1: There is only one supreme god, Ahura Mazda Core Belief 2:Human beings are innately good and have free will to remain righteous or follow evil vs Ahura Mazda Ahriman

  16. The Sacred Space of ZoroastrianismThe Fire Temple Core Belief 3:All is sacred and divine…both the earth and human beings Main Fire Temple Yazd, Iran Why is fire so important to Zoroastrians?

  17. Core Belief 4:The universe consists of two concurrent dimensions…the spiritual and the physical the spiritual Ahura Mazda human; good Faravahar Ahriman beast; evil the physical The physical world consists of four elements that human beings are charged with keeping pure by not allowing evil to pollute them.

  18. Core Belief 5:Ahura Mazda exists as 6 different personas… the AMESHA SPENTASthey help sanctify the world andhelp the faithful fight evil in their lives "Truth and Justice" "Holy Serenity, Devotion" "Deathless-ness and Immortally" "Good Mind, Intelligence and Good Thinking" "Righteous Power” (peace & democracy in actions) "Wholeness, Integrity, Health and Completion"

  19. The creator god and his divine creations…

  20. Core Belief 6:Zoroaster preached Ahura Mazda’s Three Commandments“Good thoughts, Good words, Good Deeds” Notes from Video:naujote: kusti: sudre:

  21. Notes from Video All Zoroastrians must observe and keep holy sacred rituals, daily prayers, and sacred chants. All are necessary to communicate with Ahura Mazda. Are there any ceremonies, practices, or rituals in other religions that are similar to these?

  22. Core Belief 7:-Sin exists when human beings do not follow the 3 commandments or disobey the scriptures.-There is an afterlife that consists of heaven and hell, where the spiritual part of the material body travels after death.-When Ahura Mazda finally destroys all evil, all souls living and dead will be judged on Judgment Day. Bridge of Chinvat gateway to heaven or hell judgment of deeds on earth

  23. Notes from Video:The Tower of Silence … in Iran … in Mumbai, attended by vultures Why are burial rituals so important to Zoroastrians?

  24. Sacred Texts Yasna Visparad Yashts Vendidal -used in conducting the high festivals that celebrate the 6 seasons -book of teachings on how to avoid sin and maintain purity of body and earth -used in rituals and ceremonies *Gathas: most sacred texts believed to have been composed by Zoroaster -hymns (worship by praise and song)

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