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Migrations Out of Italy. 1. Features of mass migrations (1880s-1914). 2. Women left in Italy. 3. Migrant women to the US and their social and political activism. 4. Melania Mazzucco and Italian-American writers. The Great Migration (1876-1914). Europe (tot. circa 6,100,000) Main countries
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Migrations Out of Italy 1. Features of mass migrations (1880s-1914). 2. Women left in Italy. 3. Migrant women to the US and their social and political activism. 4. Melania Mazzucco and Italian-American writers.
The Great Migration (1876-1914) Europe (tot. circa 6,100,000) Maincountries - France: 1,600,000 - Switzerland: 1,300,000 - Germany: 1,200,000
The Great Migration (1876-1914) Out of Europe (tot. circa 7,300,000) Maincountries: - United States 4,100,000 - Argentina 1,770,000 - Brazil 1,200,000
MigrantFlows 1880s-1900: from N. Italy to Europe and South America. 1900-1914: from S. Italy to North America.
Causes of Migrant Flows • Demography • Agriculture • Taxes • Industries
Women LeftBehind • 2 out of 3 Italian migrants were males. • Migrant families mostly from the south. Why? • Women activism at home.
Women in the USA • Clothing manufacturing and artificial flower industry in New York City. • Just domestic work for married women? i.e. Endicott Johnson Company (shomakers) and silk industry in Paterson, NJ.
Women Activism • Entrepreneurwomen (boarding, restaurants, groceries). • Female teachers, rural work, nuns. • Political and labor activism (e.g. Maria Roda).
I-A Women Writers (1st generation) Helen Barolini, “Umbertina” (1979). Tina DeRosa, Josephine Gattuso Hendin, Anna Monardo. Topics: patriarchalism, chauvinism, generation clash.
I-A Women Writers (2nd generation) Carol Maso, “Ghost Dance” (1995). Topics: social marginality, female homosexuality, madness.