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COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA

COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA. Communication media should have: * High Reliability * High Availability * Rapid Response * Transparency * Economy * Flexibility * Maintainability. Modes of Communication. PLCC Leased Telephone circuits

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COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA

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  1. COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA • Communication media should have: * High Reliability * High Availability * Rapid Response * Transparency * Economy * Flexibility * Maintainability

  2. Modes of Communication • PLCC • Leased Telephone circuits • Microwave Communication • Fibre Optics Communication • Satellite Communication

  3. PLCC • High voltage lines themselves are used as communication links. • Carrier Frequency: 50-300 KHz. • 3 channels are used generally: Main-Channel -> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Telemetring- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz Protection-Channel-I -> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Teleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz Protection-Channel-II (Backup-Protection)-> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Teleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz

  4. PLCC Advantages: • High reliability • All channels are available for dedicated use by power-utility alone Disadvantages: • Cost of insulating communication equipment is high • High noise level due to Corona • High speed data-transfer not possible because of Bandwidth limitations.

  5. Microwave Communication • Line-of-sight communication • Requires repeaters at 50-60 kms. Intervals • Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of power utility • Higher availability than PLCC, availablity not affected by maintenance or faults on the power lines • Suffers from multipath-fading effect • In India, WPC (wireless planning & co-ordination) wing has assigned 2.3-2.5 GHz and 2.8-5 GHz bands to power sector usage.

  6. Digital Microwave Systems

  7. Leased Telephone Circuits • Simple solution, no need to develop own dedicated communication facility by power utility • Availability of this mode of communication at remotely located substations is the deciding factor

  8. Fiber-Optic Communication • Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information • The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic • steps: • Creating the optical signal using a transmitter • Relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not • become too distorted or weak • Receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal INPUT Analog/Digital Interface Voltage to Current converter Light Source Source to Fiber Interface Optical Fiber Current to Voltage converter Analog/Digital Interface OUTPUT Fiber to Light Detector Interface Light Detector

  9. Fiber Optic Communication • Advantages: The ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelity than either copper wire or coaxial cable. Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater distances The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference, including lightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore come in direct contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines. • POWERGRID uses overhead fiber optic communication: OPGW (optical ground wire cable) ADSS (all dielectric self supporting cable) WRAP AROUND

  10. Fibre Optic Systems

  11. OPGW INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL & ANALOG NETWORKS PLCC FODP OLTE VOICE CARD 2 MB/S ADD DROP MUX DATA CARD 2 MB/S MICROWAVE RADIO TERMINAL

  12. OPGW • OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces shield wires • Provides lightning protection • Provides communication • Lightning short circuit damage • Installation requires long term outage • Expensive • Superior performance

  13. ADSS F.O • ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) which is mounted at various locations, typically 3 to 10 meters below the phase conductors. • ADSS costs less than OPGW • Higher fiber count than Wrap type. • Can be installed on towers not designed for shield wires. • Suitable for hot line installation

  14. WRAP AROUND F.O • Wrap-type which is wound around shield wires and, in some instances, around energized conductors • Hot-line installation is difficult • Cost more than ADSS, but less than OPGW • Need a shield wire • No operation problem is observed

  15. OVERHEAD CABLES FOR POWER UTILITIES OPGW WRAP ADSS

  16. FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION OPGW WRAP AROUND ADSS AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBINST

  17. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION • A geostationary satellite is used as an active repeater. • Modulated signals are send from earth VSATs in 6 GHz band to the satellite. • Signals are beamed back to earth in 4 GHz band. • Roundtime propagation delay of 540ms exists • Communication is interrupted during eclipses.

  18. Lingasugur

  19. WR-SC&C Communication system SLDC GOA WRTCC Asoj GEB Sector Gotri SLDC Jambuva Haldarwa WRLDC Asoj Borivalli Vav Kalwa Kalwa Mapusa Vadodara POP Ponda Haldarwa Jambuva Asoj Tarapur 1&2 Tarapur 3&4 Kakrapar ILA-387 Kawas Indore Gandhar Phadge Vapi Boiser Indore Sub-LDC LEGENDS Bhopal-400 Sub-LDC OPGW Green - ULDC Wideband Link ILA-174 U/G – OFC BLUE - PDT Link Dehgam Bina-400 MPSEB Sector Leased Link Black - PLCC Link Itarsi Both Main and Std. By Data PLCC Channel St. By Data PLCC Channel Itarsi-220 Khandwa Main Data PLCC Channel 62 Nos. PLCC Equipment Rajgarh Satna-220 109 Nos. Wideband ULDC Eqpt ILA-311 SEB’s Wideband Equipment and OFC Katni-220 Raigarh CSEB Sector Gwalior Jabalpur-220 Seoni Sipat Korba-East Bhadrawati SLDC- Jabalpur Korba-West Bina Bhatapara CSEB Sector Satna Bhilai-220 Jabalpur-400 Korba STPP V’chal Bhilai-400 (SLDC) ILA-362 ILA-194 ILA-702 Itarsi ILA-368 Raipur Dhule Vindhyanchal Raipur Phadge B’Vati KR-13 Chandrapur

  20. PLCC Link Wideband Channel Routing for Madurai Sub-LDC Peramballur Echengodu Tanjore 230 Erode Sub-LDC (Erode) Chennai Sub-LDC (NLC TS-I) Pugalur Trichy 400 Trichy 230 Samayapuram Madurai North Paramakudi Madurai Sub LDC Sivagangai Karaikudi Podukotta C Adanakottai Orthonadu Kovilvenni Thiruvarur Madurai 400 Existing RTU – 9 nos. Existing RTU integrated New RTUs – 13 nos. TTPS Theni Kayathar E Kodayar PH2 Sembatti Sathur MW Link Pariyar PH Tuticorin Auto S R Pudur

  21. COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA Wideband Routing from Sub-LDC to SLDC,(Kalamassery) RSCC,Bangalore (Udumalpet) MW Link FO Link Kannur-B Kozhikode -B T. North Chalakudy Kalamassery Vidyuthi Bhavanam Trivendrum North Paripally Kundra Kayamkulam Pallom

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