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American Government and Organization

American Government and Organization. PS1301 Friday, 31 October. Positive Advertising. Stress candidate’s qualifications, family, issues No direct reference to opponent Usually favored by the incumbent. Negative Advertising. Attack opponent’s character and platform

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American Government and Organization

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  1. American Government and Organization PS1301 Friday, 31 October

  2. Positive Advertising • Stress candidate’s qualifications, family, issues • No direct reference to opponent • Usually favored by the incumbent

  3. Negative Advertising • Attack opponent’s character and platform • When outcome is uncertain, competitive election • Challengers more likely to use negative ads than incumbents (backlash against incumbents) • Designed to not only to change preferences but also behavior by discouraging turnout (for supporters of opponent)

  4. Contrast Ads • Compare the record and proposals of the candidates • Bias toward the sponsor

  5. Who Voted? • Decline in voter turnout • Lower for congressional elections than Presidential elections • The role of age and education

  6. Why is voter turnout so low? • Difficulty of registration • Lack of convenience • Early voting • Absentee voting • Vote by mail • Voter Attitudes • Electoral System • Changing demographics

  7. Decline in Turnout

  8. Age and Turnout

  9. Role of Age and Education

  10. Who Voted for Whom?Influence of Race and Gender

  11. Religion Bush Gore Nader

  12. Education and Income

  13. Unions and Religion Bush Gore Nader

  14. How do Presidential Elections and Congressional Elections Differ? • Presidential elections are more salient • The average voter has more information about the presidential candidates than congressional candidates. • Consequently, party identification may play a lesser role in pres. elections • Voters are more inclined to be influenced by personal/candidate characteristics and issue voting may be more prevalent.

  15. Congressional Elections • The empirical evidence suggests that party labels are have a greater effect when information about the candidate is low • U.S. Rep • State Senator • St. Assy. • County Board

  16. Congressional Elections • Decline in party id means that other cues become more important • Incumbency • Name recognition

  17. Rise of Split Ticket Voting

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