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Physically-based Kinematic Model: from sandbox experiment

Physically-based Kinematic Model: from sandbox experiment. Nina Lin Ge 277, Nov 7 2008. Readings: Bernard et al. (2007) Kinematics of fault-related folding derived from a sandbox experiment, JGR

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Physically-based Kinematic Model: from sandbox experiment

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  1. Physically-based Kinematic Model:from sandbox experiment Nina LinGe 277, Nov 7 2008 Readings: Bernard et al. (2007) Kinematics of fault-related folding derived from a sandbox experiment, JGR Daëron et al. (2007) Modeling the shortening history of a fault tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation, JGR

  2. Q: How is the geologic deformation related to seismic cycles? Planar Fault Scenario

  3. Q: How is the geologic deformation related to seismic cycles? Listric Fault Scenario

  4. Q: How do we determine the right kinematics of a fold?

  5. dZ x Traditional Kinematic Models: FBF

  6. Traditional Kinematic Models: FTF → Need understanding of structural type→ Complicated to derive velocity-deformation relationship

  7. Physically-based Kinematic Model:Analogous Experiment

  8. Phase I: Distributed StrainDetachment-tip Folding

  9. Phase II: Strain LocalizationRamp Overthrusting

  10. Insights of experiment:1. Maximum Uplift Much higher internal deformation during FTF Phase I Phase II

  11. Insights of experiment:2. Velocity Field of FTF (Phase I)

  12. Insights of experiment:3. Comparison with Elastic Model Fault-Tip Fold: → Fault depth is too shallow → Slip is overestimated Phase I

  13. Insights of experiment:3. Comparison with Elastic Model Phase II Fault-Bend Fold: → Fault depth is too shallow → Slip is overestimated

  14. Example I:Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan

  15. Example I:Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan

  16. Example I:Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan

  17. dZ x Example I:Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan • Excess Area • Finite Shortening • Shortening Rate: 0.14 mm/yr for 2.1-5.8 Ma

  18. Example I:Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan

  19. Example I:Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan • No age control • Age determined by constant sedimentation rate • Shortening rate could be 2.1 mm/yr for 150 ka • Much faster than 0.14 mm/yr for 2.1-5.8 Ma

  20. Implications • Physically-based kinematic model offers an approach to model geologic deformation in terms of seismic cycles • Combining with coseismic deformations, one can determine the inelastic deformation in the medium and possibly folding mechanism

  21. Example II:Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan

  22. Example II:Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan

  23. Example II:Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan Pretectonic

  24. Example II:Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan

  25. Example II:Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan

  26. Example II:Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan Mismatch of Tn: • Change of tectonic pattern • Different age of Ts and Tn

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