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The Internet THE PHYSICAL ENTITY: A NETWORK OF COMPUTERS

The Internet THE PHYSICAL ENTITY: A NETWORK OF COMPUTERS. IM E-mail VoIP FTP P2P WWW. OBJECTIVES. Recognize the importance of the Internet. Compare types of Internet connections. Compare popular Web browsers. Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.

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The Internet THE PHYSICAL ENTITY: A NETWORK OF COMPUTERS

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  1. The InternetTHE PHYSICAL ENTITY: A NETWORK OF COMPUTERS IM E-mail VoIP FTP P2P WWW

  2. OBJECTIVES • Recognize the importance of the Internet. • Compare types of Internet connections. • Compare popular Web browsers. • Demonstrate how to navigate the Web. • Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information found on the Web. • Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.

  3. Internet Introduction • Key Definitions: • Internet: The internet is a global network of interconnected networks, connecting private, public and university networks in one unit. • Intranet: An intranet is a private enterprise network that uses internet and web technologies for information gathering and distribution within an organization. • Extranet: An extranet is a community of interest created by extending an intranet to selected entities external to an organization.

  4. What is the Internet? • A Network of Computer Networks • Started as early as the 1960s • Built to work even if a large part of the network fails • Intranet is not the same as Internet • Decentralized Client – Server model • Supported by various gateways and high speed backbone connections.

  5. T3 Backbone Network Network T3 Backbone Internet T3 Backbone Internet Internet

  6. Brief History of the Internet • 1960s - Department of Defense initiative ARPANET • 1973 - ARPA launches the Internetting Project to explore the possibilities of linking networks • 1980 – First Virus halts the Internet • 1984 – DNS Introduced (Names rather than numbers) • 1999 – Internet Banking

  7. Internet Connection To connect to the Internet, you need an Internet service provider (ISP). An ISP can be any one of the following types: • Dial-up • Broadband • Wireless • Wireless mobile • Satellite

  8. Internet Connection: Wired

  9. Internet Connection: Wireless

  10. Internet Connection

  11. How to access the Internet? • Many schools and businesses have direct access to the Internet using special high-speed communication lines and equipment. • Students and employees can access through the organization’s local area networks (LAN) or through their own personal computers. • Another way to access the Internet is through Internet Service Provider (ISP).

  12. Internet Service Provider (ISP) • A commercial organization with permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers. • Examples: • STC Online, Microsoft network, AT&T Networks.

  13. Who owns the Internet? • The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) oversees registrations. • InterNIC—central service to reserve domain names (lots of issues arising with “cyberquatting…” • Whois – domain name lookup

  14. Services through the net • Major services: • Email – Electronic Mail • FTP – File Transfer Protocol • Gopher • Newsgroups • Telnet – Remote session • WAIS – Wide Area Information System • WWW – World Wide Web

  15. Uniform Resource Locators • The IP address and the domain name each identify a particular computer on the Internet. • However, they do not indicate where a Web page’s HTML document resides on that computer. • To identify a Web pages exact location, Web browsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator (URL). • URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser: • What transfer protocol to use for transporting the file • The domain name of the computer on which the file resides • The pathname of the folder or directory on the computer on which the file resides • The name of the file

  16. Structure of a Uniform Resource Locators pathname protocol http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm filename Domain name http => Hypertext Transfer Protocol

  17. Part of a URL DOMAIN NAME or SECOND-LEVEL DOMAIN http://www.google.com PROTOCOL THIRD-LEVEL DOMAIN TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN (TLD)

  18. HTTP • The transfer protocol is the set of rules that the computers use to move files from one computer to another on the Internet. • The most common transfer protocol used on the Internet is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). • Two other protocols that you can use on the Internet are the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and the Telnet Protocol

  19. How to read an URL • http://www.blast.ncbl.org/dcs/proposal.htm http = the protocol www = the host computer or server name blast = third level domain ncbl = second level domain org = top level domain dcs = directory name proposal= file name htm = file type / extension

  20. Getting a Domain Name? • Top Domains: • edu – Educational Institutions • com – Company / Commercial Organizations • org – Non-profit Organizations • net – Network, network of sites • mil – Military Installations • gov – Government sites • Sub Domains: • in - India • jp - Japan • uk – United Kingdom

  21. Identifying a PC on the Internet • IP Number • 220.226.64.35 • 10.15.3.20 (Intranet, Local IP) • To find your IP number on Windows • Execute ipconfig on your command prompt – XP • winipcgf - 98

  22. Bandwidth • Speed of data transfer through the network • Access through: • 28.8 bps (bits per second) modem • 56.6 modem • ISDN • T1/T3 – High speed • Cable • DSL

  23. Web Browsers HTML: Hypertext Markup Language, the authoring language that defines the structure of Web pages Web browsers: Programs that interpret the HTML and display the Web pages

  24. Web Browsers

  25. Mobile Browsers • Sometimes called microbrowsers • IE, Firefox, Safari, and Opera come in mobile versions • Kindle, Android, and BlackBerry use proprietary mobile browsers

  26. Ways to Navigate Two ways to navigate: • Type the URL (uniform resource locator) Web page address • Follow embedded links in the Web pages Website: Consists of one or more Web pages Home page: The main or starting page

  27. The Web Address ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers): Coordinates the Internet naming system IP (Internet Protocol): A unique numbered address associated with a Website, like 165.123.193.432 DNS (Domain Name System): The service that uses a friendly name instead of an IP address to contact a Website

  28. Internet Services Chat E-Commerce Direct Communication E-Mail Newsgroups Online Conferencing Mailing-List Discussions WWW Distributed Information Resources FTP File Transfer

  29. Questions

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