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Structure & Classification of Proteins

Structure & Classification of Proteins. Dr. Bibi Kulsoom. Proteins. Other dry elements 14%. http://www.indiabix.com/_files/images/data-interpretation/pie-charts/15-2-11-1.png. http://www.picturesof.net/pages/100103-180324-843042.html. Proteins: Amino Acids. Peptide bond.

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Structure & Classification of Proteins

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  1. Structure & Classification of Proteins Dr. Bibi Kulsoom

  2. Proteins Other dry elements 14% http://www.indiabix.com/_files/images/data-interpretation/pie-charts/15-2-11-1.png http://www.picturesof.net/pages/100103-180324-843042.html

  3. Proteins: Amino Acids Peptide bond One Amino acid structure Protein molecule Hydrolysis by digestive enzymes Amino acids Hydrocarbon chain http://www.hardbodysuccessblog.com/.a/6a00e00995147488330115704e4379970c-pi http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/amino-acid-structure.jpg

  4. Proteins are Composed : of 20 Amino Acids • Essential amino acids • Arginine (partially essential) • Histidine • Isoleucine • Leucine • Lysine • Methinine • Phenylalanine • Threonine • Tryptophan • Valine • Non-Essential amino acids • Alanine • Aspartic acid • Asparagine • Cysteine • Glutamic acid • Glutamine • Glycine • Proline • Serine • Tyrosine

  5. Proteins & their Classification Classification is based on • Composition • Shape • Function http://njscuba.net/zzz_artifacts/protein_2.gif

  6. Classification Based on Composition • Simple proteins: A protein that contains amino acids only. Examples: albumin, globulins & histones. • Conjugated Proteins: A protein that have some non-protein moiety in its structure along with protein part. • Derived proteins: Proteins derived from simple and conjugated proteins by physical or chemical treatment. Examples: peptones peptides and denatured proteins.

  7. Nucleoproteins Proteins examples: Histones, telomerase. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Ik_ovkt6ICg/TNoWaLBLKXI/AAAAAAAAAIk/

  8. Glycoproteins Proteins examples: Glycoproteins of cell membrane, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH). http://designanduniverse.com/articles/images/cell/cell_membrane.jpg

  9. Lipoproteins Proteins examples: Low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL). http://www.scientificpsychic.com/health/lipoproteins-LDL-HDL.html

  10. Phosphoproteins Proteins examples: Enzymes (protein in nature) are phosphorylated temporarily for their regulation. Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme A P P Inactive Active Enzyme B Inactive Active

  11. Cytochromes P450 Chromoproteins Proteins examples: Hemoglobin, cytochromes (enzymes). http://www.presentermedia.com/files/clipart/00001000/1744/blood_cells_pc_md_wm.jpg http://chemistry.wiki.elanco.net/file/view/hemoglobin.jpg/120238735/hemoglobin.jpg

  12. Metalloproteins Proteins examples: Hemoglobin, Ceruloplasmin (protein that stores and transports copper) Ceruloplasmin Ceruloplasmin

  13. Based on Shape

  14. Globular Proteins Hemoglobin and myoglobin are examples of globular proteins.

  15. Fibrous Proteins or Scleroproteins Collagen, keratin and elastin are examples of fibrous proteins. Collagen fiber -keratin -keratin

  16. Classification based on Function

  17. Structural Proteins Proteins gives our cells shape, strength as well as enable movements. Proteins examples: keratin, collagen, elastin. Structure Examples: Hair, wool, nails, horns, hoofs, tendons, cartilage.

  18. Contractile Proteins Proteins examples: Actin & myosin Location in body: Contracting fibers in muscle. http://www.123rf.com/photo_7661491_young-man-running-in-forest.html http://www.performance-edu.com/Insider%20News/Volume%202/Images/small%20animated%20sliding%20filament.gif

  19. Transport Proteins • Protein examples: • hemoglobin (Carries oxygen in blood) • serum albumin (Carries fatty acids in blood) Storage Proteins • Proteins examples: • Different for different sustances. • Ferritin (Stores iron in spleen) • legumes and beans in plants http://blu.stb.s-msn.com/i/44/78A5F212E699FFFB5345C2214AE50.jpg

  20. Proteins as Enzymes • Many proteins act as biological catalysts or enzymes. • Thousands of different enzymes exist in the body. • Examples: catalase, amylase, trypsin, lipase. Immunological Proteins • Proteins examples: • Gamma globulins • when a pathogen enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies against it that fight against the invader. Antibody Bacterium Antibody http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/antibody/graphics/antibody.gif

  21. Proteins as Buffers Example: Plasma proteins and intracellular preoteins. http://human-physiology---ashley-vg.wikispaces.com/Chemical+Aspects+of+Physiology

  22. Maintaining Osmotic Pressure • Protein examples: • Albumin, globin, globulin. Hormone Protein as Hormone Examples: Insulin, glucagon, growth hormone etc. http://www.hcc.bcu.ac.uk

  23. Protein Channels & Receptors Cell cytoskeleton Channels: Protein pores that run like tunnels across the lipid bilayer will allow specific materials that we need, like glucose, to slip through the membrane. Receptors: proteins that mediate the effects of hormones in side the cell. Examples: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments & microtubules.

  24. Clotting Factors Clotting proteins activate and make meshwork of fibrin to stop bleeding. Examples: Factors I, II, III, IV, V etc. http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/323361-36236-16.jpg http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media//28/98328-050-4F03CFD9.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/

  25. THANK YOU

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