PART 4

1. PART 4 Ideology and Citizenship To what extent should my actions as a citizen be shaped by an ideology?

2. Chapter 13 Reflecting on Worldview, Ideology, and citizenship

3. Citizenship in a liberal democratic society • Citizenship is more that the guarantee of certain rights: citizenship also asks citizens to consider their responsibilities and actions, and to what extent their identity and beliefs and values play a role in your actions.

4. Features of Citizenship • Lives in, and is a member of a country. • Votes • Has responsibilities to society (obeying laws of the country). • Has certain rights (individual rights and freedoms) as stated by the country.

5. Legal and Political Understandings of Citizenship Principles used as a based for citizenship • Jus soli (right of soil) • Citizenship is determined by place of birth • Jus sanguinis (right of blood) • Citizenship of child is the same as natural parents, wherever the child is born.

6. Naturalization The process of applying for citizenship to determine who may (and may not) legally identify oneself as a citizen of a country. New Naturalization test for the U.S.A. Civics http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=88086338b3281210VgnVCM1000004718190aRCRD&vgnextchannel=2de5bece24e7b110VgnVCM1000004718190aRCRD Read pages 447 -450 and complete the worksheet on citizenship

7. What world view or ideology might lead a country to use jus sanguinis as a basis for its citizenship policy? • Is predicated on citizenship and nationality based on ethnicity of the parents. • Countries that apply this standard support a view of citizenship based on ethnic nationhood. • Jus sanguinis may be used to promote citizenship based on cultural identity. • They may want to exclude others or limit their rights; they may want to prevent the loss of their culture.

8. What worldview or ideology might lead a country to apply jus soli as the basis for its citizenship policy? • Jus soli is based on the place of birth. • Countries that seek to encourage immigration use jus soli. • This principle allows immigrants to become naturalized once certain requirements are met. • This worldview is based on the idea that citizens can be made, and not just born. It reflects an obligation to the country.

9. Why might a country change the basis on which it determines citizenship? Reasons • To encourage or discourage immigration • To strengthen the ethnic nation • To encourage a greater responsibility to the nation • To prevent people from taking advantage of the privileges associated with citizenship • To reflect contemporary understandings.

10. If you had citizenship in more than one country, which would claim your allegiance? • In what hypothetical situations might multiple citizenship create a conflict? • What ideologies might give rise to conflict? • Neo-conservative limited government versesmodern liberals interventionist polices / communitarian beliefs about responsibilities may conflict with ideologies based on individual freedoms.

11. Broader Understandings of Citizenship Political / Civic Participation • Any number of ways a citizen can be involved in the political process Direct • Town hall meeting, protesting , being apart of an NGO Indirect (citizen advocacy) • Letters to the editor, funding social or political organizations

12. Common Elements of Active CitizenshipModels pg 451 -452 Mark Evans and Cecilia Reynolds Julie Nelson and David Kerr 1 Civil republican 2 Liberal / Individualism 3 Communitarian 4

13. Multiple CitizenshipInvestigation pg. 455 • Why would Canada Allow Multiple citizenship? • How might the idea of a “moral project” change the relationship between the citizens and the state? • What view do you hold of citizenship: is it a service relationship or a moral project?

14. Multiple CitizenshipInvestigation pg. 455 • Why would Canada Allow Multiple citizenship? • As a way to encourage immigration and as part of our official policy on multiculturalism • How might the idea of a “moral project” change the relationship between the citizens and the state? • A country in which citizens are expected to contribute to a “moral project” means that citizenship is much more than simple living in that country. It involves acting on the moral project, including helping to shape the country in which they live, requiring ongoing action. Citizens play a role in contributing to the project. This idea is seen in the communitarian and civic republican view of citizenship, which involves a reciprocal relationship between citizens and state. • What view do you hold of citizenship: is it a service relationship or a moral project? • A service relationship puts the emphasis on the state’s responsibility of providing services for the people, with few requirements from the citizens. • A moral project orientation emphasizes citizen participation.

15. Impacts / effect that Worldview and Ideology can have on Citizenship • Conceptions of citizenship in a country • Conceptions of rights granted to people • Understanding of responsibilities people have to a country • Benefits a person can expect from a country • The role a person can play with a society • Relationship of the individual to the community • Relationship of the individual to the state • The role of rights in shaping actions • The rights granted to citizens • The legal/political understanding of citizenship and obligations and benefits associated with belonging • Responsibilities and obligations to the state and community

16. Understandings of Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities • Documents that advanced human rights

17. Understandings of Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities Negative Human Rights Positive Human Rights Obliging action– entitlements that the government is required to provide (education , health care, security) • Liberties the government may not infringe upon (freedoms in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms)

18. Legal citizenship (Canada)pg 461 Rights and Freedoms Responsibilities To obey Canada’s laws To express opinions freely while respecting the rights and freedoms of others To help others in the community To care for and protect our heritage and environment To eliminate discrimination • Legal rights • Equality rights • Mobility rights • Aboriginal people’s rights • Freedom of thought • Freedom of speech • Freedom of religion • The right to peaceful assembly

19. Pause and Reflect pg 461 • What evidence is there that the principles of liberalism and collectivism underlie the rights and responsibilities listed? • Liberalism is reflected in the freedoms granted Canadians. • Communitarianism (balance individual rights and interests with those of the community as a whole) is reflected in the group rights granted to Aboriginal peoples and in the responsibilities to the common good outlined in the second column. • Collectivism is reflected in the appeal to helping others in the community, and respecting the rights and freedoms of others.

20. Examples of Canadians demonstrating their understanding of citizenship • Minimalist understanding of Citizenship • The right to vote • Exercising legal rights – fair trial & due process • Involvement in the justice system • Moral projects • Attempt to force governments to provide adequate civil legal aid to poor people • Philanthropy • Giving money, time, or expertise, citizens are acting on their worldview and demonstrating an ideology. • 85% of Canadians 15 yrs and older made a financial donation in2004 • Stepping in where government services leave off • Support for arts, sports clubs, medical research, food banks, homeless shelters, animal shelters • Configuration of philanthropy is changing from the traditional wealthy individuals and corporations looking to support causes (genuine interest, economic , political) to everyday citizen (young and old) taking an interest in local, and national matters. • Access to internet and media have made it easier to bring attention to different issues and allow citizens to become more informative. • Participants are engaging more in citizenship and expecting more fiscal accountability.

21. Global Citizenship • Participation in relief sponsorship for natural disasters is an example of global citizenship • Read pages 467 – 468 take notes and complete worksheet for Pause and Reflect pg 468

22. Global CitizenshipPause and Reflect pg 468 When a disaster of great magnitude occurs, why do you think that individuals, governments, and NGOs can put aside differences and focus on providing aid to those is distress? • Once their ideological differences are removed, their common goal is to help people meet their needs. • This willingness to help those in distress affirms the belief in our common humanity. • Ideology is what causes the difficulty in co-operating. • This ideological defence can be seen in the goals of organizations and how the organizations attempt to achieve their goals.

23. What can get in the way of such a cooperative response? • Ideology is what causes difficulty, it can be seen in the goals of the organization and how the organization attempts to achieve their goals.

24. How do you think Egeland, the UN’s emergency relief coordinator, would define the roles and responsibilities of individual global citizens? skip • Providing charitable donations to organizations such as the UN, to assist in addressing a variety of global issues. • Responsibilities would include informing themselves about the extent of global issues and the need for financial support. • He assumes that the global citizen is one who has a belief in our common humanity.

25. In times of conflict, what are the citizen’s rights, roles and responsibilities? • Supporting the conflict through engagement. • Pacifism: commitment to peace – opposition to war. • Conscientious objection: the refusal on moral or religious grounds to military service. • Examples • 9-11 • Vietnam • Iraq & Afghanistan

26. Read pages 469 - 472 • Complete the Chart Understanding citizenship, rights and responsibilities • Complete Concept Review for Chapter 13