Spine and Thorax

1. Spine and Thorax Kinesiology Flash Cards Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

2. Directions • The first slide asks a question. • The second slide answers the question. • Use these slides like flash cards to test your core knowledge. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

3. Question • Arrange these erector spinae muscles from lateral to medial • Iliocostalis • Spinalis • Longissimus Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

4. Answer • From lateral to medial, the erector spinae muscles are • Iliocostalis • Longissimus • Spinalis Mnemonic Device: ILike Standing. Remembering that spinalis is closest to the spine is also helpful. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

5. Question • What is the action of the erector spinae muscles? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

6. Answer • Extension of the spinal column. • It also prevents flexion of the spine. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

7. Question • What is the antagonist of the erector spinae muscles? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

8. Action • Rectusabdominis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

9. Question • Which abdominal muscle has an action of contralateral rotation when unilaterally contracting? • Internal abdominal oblique • External abdominal oblique • Transversus abdominis • Rectus abdominis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

10. Answer • Internal abdominal oblique • External abdominal oblique • Transversus abdominis • Rectus abdominis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

11. Question • Which abdominal muscle has an action of ipsilateral rotation when unilaterally contracting? • Internal abdominal oblique • External abdominal oblique • Transversus abdominis • Rectus abdominis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

12. Answer • Internal abdominal oblique • External abdominal oblique • Transversus abdominis • Rectus abdominis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

13. Question The groove formed by the spinous and transverse processes in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spine is called ______. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

14. Answer The lamina groove Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

15. Question The superior portion of the sternum, which articulates with the clavicles and the first and second ribs, is called the ______. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

16. Answer Manubrium Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

17. Question The inferior portion of the sternum that serves as an attachment site for the abdominal aponeurosis is called ______. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

18. Answer The xiphoid process Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

19. Question Which group of muscles runs from the sacrum to the occiput along the posterior aspect of the vertebral column? a. Quads b. Hamstrings c. Abdominals d. Erector spinae Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

20. Answer a. Quads b. Hamstrings c. Abdominals d. Erector spinae Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

21. Question Of the three muscles that make up the erector spinae group, which lies closest to the spine? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

22. Answer Spinalis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

23. Question Explain the general actions of the erector spinae group. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

24. Answer • Bilaterally: • Extends the vertebral column • Unilaterally • Laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

25. Question The transversospinalis group is composed of which three muscles? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

26. Answer • Multifidi • Rotatores • Semispinalis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

27. Question Explain the general actions of the multifidi and rotatores. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

28. Answer • Extend the vertebral column • Rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

29. Question What is the action of the semispinalis? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

30. Answer Extend the vertebral column and head. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

31. Question The fibers of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis do not run parallel to the spine like the other back muscles. Which direction do the fibers run? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

32. Answer Obliquely Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

33. Question The splenius capitis is deep to the rhomboids and trapezius, but is superficial between which two muscles? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

34. Answer Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

35. Question Define the actions of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

36. Answer • Unilaterally • Rotate the head to the same side • Laterally flex the head and neck • Bilaterally • Extend the head and neck Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

37. Question These eight small muscles are the deepest in the posterior neck. They help to stabilize the axis and atlas and rock or tilt the head. What are they? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

38. Answer The suboccipitals Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

39. Question The individual names of the suboccipitals are ______. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

40. Answer • Rectus capitis posterior major • Rectus capitis posterior minor • Oblique capitis superior • Oblique capitis inferior Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

41. Question Quadratus lumborum is the deepest muscle of the: • Thigh • Abdomen • Low back • Forearm Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

42. Answer • Thigh • Abdomen • Low back • Forearm While it seems like the QL is the deepest muscle of the low back, it is actually considered the deepest muscle of the abdomen. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

43. Question The actions of the quadratus lumborum are ______. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

44. Answer • Unilaterally • Elevates the hip • Laterally flexes the vertebral column • Assists in extension of the vertebral column • Bilaterally • Fixes the last rib during respiration Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

45. Question The origin of the quadratus lumborum is: • Posterior iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament • Last rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 • Last rib, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 • Posterior iliac crest and the last rib Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

46. Answer • Posterior iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament • Last rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 • Last rib, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 • Posterior iliac crest and the last rib Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

47. Question The term abdominals refers to what four muscles? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

48. Answer • Rectus abdominis • External oblique • Internal oblique • Transverse abdominis Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

49. Question Which of the four abdominal muscles have fibers that run straight up and down? Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

50. Answer Rectus abdominis The word rectus means straight in Latin. Anytime a muscle has the name rectus, it indicates that the muscle fibers run vertically. Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals