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CHAPTER 23

1937–1945. CHAPTER 23. GLOBAL CONFLICT: WORLD WAR II. “…a day that will live in infamy.”. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941. GLOBAL CONFLICT: WORLD WAR II Overview. Against Fascism and for democracy Pearl Harbor: The United States Enters the War The Home Front Race and War Total War.

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CHAPTER 23

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  1. 1937–1945 CHAPTER 23 GLOBAL CONFLICT: WORLD WAR II

  2. “…a day that will live in infamy.” Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941

  3. GLOBAL CONFLICT: WORLD WAR II Overview • Against Fascism and for democracy • Pearl Harbor: The United States Enters the War • The Home Front • Race and War • Total War

  4. PEARL HARBOR: THE UNITED STATES ENTERS THE WAR • December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor naval base attacked by Japanese bombers • Japanese American Relocation • Wartime Migrations

  5. December 7, 1941 • 7:55am: Japanese bombers attack U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • The surprise attack kills more than 2,000 U.S. soldiers and destroying most of the U.S. Pacific fleet, and half of the U.S. Far East Air Force • Congress immediately declares war against Japan. • 3 days later, Germany and Italy declare war on the United States

  6. Japanese American Relocation Executive Order 9066 February 19, 1942 • About 120,000 Japanese Americans rounded up and placed in internment camps (1/3-1/2 American born) • Military necessity (exclusion entire West Coast and 100 m. inland) (Hawaii?) • War Relocation Authority • "We're charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs for selfish reasons. We do. It's a question of whether the white man lives on the Pacific Coast or the brown men… If all the Japs were removed tomorrow, we had never miss them in two weeks, because the white farmers can take over and produce everything the Jap grows. And we do not want them back when the war ends, either."[Austin E. Anson, managing secretary of the Salinas Vegetable Grower-Shipper Association, told the Saturday Evening Post in 1942:

  7. Wartime Migrations • African Americans migrate to northern cities to work in war industry plants • Mexicans imported to work in the agricultural and seasonal jobs

  8. THE HOME FRONT Building Morale • Office of War Information • Movies • Radio programs • Publications • Posters • Encouraging work in war industries and preserving the “American way of Life”

  9. Home Front Workers, “Rosie the Riveter,” • New employment opportunities for women and disabled, defense plants • Wages climb • Unions include women and minorities as members

  10. RACE AND WAR • The Holocaust; 6 million Jews are killed, along with homosexuals, disabled, and Gypsies (or Romani) • Anti-Semitism grows in the United States • Segregated armed forces • Jim Crow laws

  11. Racial Tensions at Home • Randolph, President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, suggests march to Washington to protest discriminatory hiring practices in defense industry • Roosevelt issues Executive Order 8802 banning discrimination in defense industries • Fair Employment Practices Commission

  12. Fighting for the “Double V” • African Americans enthusiastically enlist in the armed services • 1 million enlist draft • Segregation and discrimination (unfit for combat, not allowed in frontlines) • Tuskegee Airman

  13. Fighting for the “Double V” • Navajo “Code Talkers” • By 1945, one-third of all able-bodied Native Americans serve during the war

  14. Asian Americans • 442nd Regiment Japanese “Go for Broke” • Chinese • Filipinos

  15. TOTAL WAR • The War in Europe • The War in the Pacific • The End of the War

  16. World War II in Europe

  17. World War II in the Pacific

  18. The End of the War • The Manhattan Project • July 26, 1945: Truman and Churchill and the Potsdam Declaration • August 6, 1945: Atom bomb on Hiroshima: 80,000 people die immediately • August 9, 1945: Atom bomb on Nagasaki • September 2, 1945: Japan surrenders

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