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Impact of Executive Branch: The Evolution of United States Leadership

Explore how the addition of an executive branch with a President altered the course of the United States and imagine life without a leader today. Delve into George Washington's domestic policies and historical precedents, from the American Revolution to the creation of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Reflect on the challenges faced by the new republic under Washington and the development of political parties. Discover the economic plans of Hamilton, the court system, tax systems, and the enforcement of laws that shaped the early American government.

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Impact of Executive Branch: The Evolution of United States Leadership

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  1. 4th & 5th PeriodsJournal – 10/29/12 • Answer the following in your journal in 3-5 sentences: • How could/did the addition of an executive branch (a President) change the course of the United States? What would life be like today if we did not have a leader?

  2. Today’s Plan: • Election Reflection • Quiz corrections • You can earn back half the points you missed! • Let’s review as a class • George Washington – Domestic (American) policies and his precedents

  3. Review – Unit 2 • American Revolution ends in 1781 • Treaty of Paris officially ends the war, and creates INDEPENDENCE for America from _________________ • We need a new government! • Enter the Articles of Confederation • But, the Articles of Confederation created a WEAK national (federal) government • So, we want to replace it

  4. The way we do this is by writing something new at the Constitutional Convention • But, there are some disagreements over representation (and other stuff)! • New Jersey Plan vs. the Virginia Plan  The Great (Connecticut) Compromise • 3/5 Compromise – Who does this pertain to? Why? • Presidential Compromise • Trade Compromise – One trade system (federal) • This Constitution was ratified in 1788 • There were THERE LEVELS of GOVERNMENT: Federal, state, and local • It created THREE BRANCHES of FEDERAL government: Executive (president, enforces the laws), legislative (Congress, makes the laws), and judicial (Supreme Court, determines if the laws are Constitutional)

  5. Review, final • Some people (Anti-federalists such as Thomas Jefferson) are not happy with the Constitution and want PEOPLE to have more INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS • Enter the Bill of Rights (the FIRST 10 Amendments to the Constitution)

  6. 3rd Period Bell-Ringer – 11/8/12 • When you walk in, please pick up the “Your Ideal Leader” Sheet off the front table. (YOU DO NOT NEED YOUR JOURNAL!) • Take 5-10 minutes to fill this out SILENTLY!

  7. The New Republic EQ – What was the impact of the major domestic issues Washington faced? http://www.harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/alexander-hamilton.jpg http://www.visitingdc.com/images/george-washington-picture.jpg

  8. The Preamble – The Goals of the New Nation • More perfect Union • Establish justice • Ensure domestic tranquility • Provide common defense • Promote general welfare • Secure blessing of liberty

  9. As the first President,Washington set many“precedents” Examples that becometraditions to be followed http://www.history.com/videos/george-washingtons-precedents#george-washingtons-precedents

  10. George Washington elected President in 1789 Concept Problem Solution Executive Offices No executive offices to help run the government Creates the Cabinet…

  11. Washington’s Cabinet State Dept War Dept Sect. of Treasury Attorney General Henry Knox Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Edmund Randolph Defend cases Foreign policy National Defense Nation’s finances http://www.visitingdc.com/images/thomas-jefferson-picture.jpg , http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/revwar/image_gal/indeimg/web_exhibit/KNOX_exb.jpg , http://law.wustl.edu/Faculty/Wiedenbeck/BasicTax/Hamilton1806Trumbull.jpg, http://www.usdiplomacy.org/exhibit/images/secretaries/Randolph,%20Edmund.jpg

  12. 3rd Period –11/9/12 • When you come in to class, take a seat and sit quietly! • Happy Friday 

  13. What about a court system? Concept Court System Problem Solution No Federal Court System Judiciary Act of 1789creates a federalcourt system &6-personSupreme Court;John Jay = firstchief justice

  14. A Nation in DebtWhy were we in debt? Concept Problem Solution National & State Debt $52 million war debt; Lack of international respect Hamilton’s Economic Plan -Pay debts in full -Fed. gov. assumes state debts -Create a national bank

  15. What can our government now do to make money? Concept Taxes Problem Solution No tax system, no money to run government Excise Tax (Part of Hamilton’s Plan) Tariff – 25% tax on imported goods

  16. Challenging the New Government Concept Problem Solution Enforcement of Laws Whiskey Rebellion: PA farmers refuse to pay the tax on whiskey Washington sendstroops; US willenforce its laws

  17. Political Parties • Authors of the Constitution wanted to avoid political parties • Why do you think this was the case? • They felt these groups were “factions” that threatened the unity of a republic • However, two political parties form…Federalists & Democratic-Republicans (Anti-Federalists)

  18. Political Parties Federalists Democratic Republicans • Considering the state of politics today, have political parties had more of a positive or negative effect on our country? • Hamilton • Strong central Leader Power of Gov. Economy British/French Constitution • Jefferson • More power to states • Industry/Trade • Pro-British • Loose construction • Farming • Pro-French • Strict construction

  19. Discussion: Political Parties Today • What would life in the United States be like without political parties? • Would you like it? • Would people be more inclined to participate in politics? Voting?

  20. Washington Calls It Quits • After two terms, Washington retired from the Presidency • Could he have run for a third term? • Why do you think he decided not to? • Many historians feel the US would not have survived without his leadership http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/George_Washington_1795.jpg/300px-George_Washington_1795.jpg

  21. Washington Precedent Illustration • Pick one of George Washington’s precedents and ILLUSTRATE it! • leaving office after 2 terms • riding in on his horse • saying “So help me god” at inauguration • staying neutral (keeping out of the business of other countries) • creating the Cabinet (Secretary of State, War, Treasury, etc.) • Use color, text (words), and a picture. • Write one sentence to describe the precedent you chose to illustrate.

  22. Washington… Charismatic, or Awkward? • Read/listen to the Washington article http://www.npr.org/2012/10/23/163487916/charming-cold-does-presidential-personality-matter • On the back of your notes sheet, answerthe following questions: • What is the main argument of the article? • In your opinion, would George Washington have won if he ran in the 2012 election?

  23. Washington’s Reaction to the Rebellion & his Farewell Address • What did Washington say about the Rebellion? • How was Washington’s reaction different than the government’s reaction during Shay’s Rebellion in 1786? • What was Washington warning against in his Farewell Address?

  24. Foreign Policy Issues EQ – How did the U.S. confrontforeign policy issues during this era?

  25. Foreign Issues with Europe Conflicts between Great Britain & France Proclamation ofNeutrality (1793) Why…? Young nation, did notwant to get involved Weak military Dependent onforeign trade http://www.freewebs.com/ssjchokobo/06_french_revolution.jpghttp://www.freewebs.com/ssjchokobo/06_french_revolution.jpg

  26. Proclaiming Neutrality Proclamation ofNeutrality (1793) Britain begins stealingUS ships & sailors… aka “Impressment” Why does G.B do this? How does this affect the Neutrality Proclamation? http://azfar08.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/george-washington-big.jpg

  27. Foreign Policy Struggles The British wantedto keep Americansfrom settling in theNorthwest Territory How…? The British supplied Indians with arms to fight; Indians resisted American troops http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/88/350px-United_States_1789-08-1790.png

  28. Proclamation ofNeutrality (1793) Conflicts with Indians • NativeAmericanwar chief Little Turtle Battle of Fallen Timbers • Who won? • What resulted? Treaty of Greenville Opened Ohio to settlement

  29. Issues with Great Britain Impressment Jay’s Treaty Avoided war with Britain Pickney’s Treaty Opened Mississippi River &New Orleans to trade

  30. Jay’s Treaty of 1794 • What did Britain & the U.S. agree to? • No British forts on American soil • Americans must pay prewar debts • Result? • Avoids war with Britain • Does this treaty stop impressment? • NO!

  31. Reaction to the Jay Treaty • Split along party lines… • Washington & Federalists = “good work” • Democratic Republicans = “Jay is a sellout” • Treaty was passed http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/1.html

  32. Pickney’s Treaty • What did Spain & U.S. agree to? • U.S. gains shipping rights on the Mississippi River & access to New Orleans • Result? • U.S. can send goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans, trade with other nations

  33. Washington’s Presidency – Video Review

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