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Carolingian. “Mayor of the Palace”, from Belgium. “Charles the Hammer”, 714-741, defeated the Muslims in Southern Spain & consolidated the Western Empire. ~753 deposed Merovingian king, defeated Lombards, anointed Emperor of the Franks, “State of the Church”.
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Carolingian “Mayor of the Palace”, from Belgium “Charles the Hammer”, 714-741, defeated the Muslims in Southern Spain & consolidated the Western Empire ~753 deposed Merovingian king, defeated Lombards, anointed Emperor of the Franks, “State of the Church” 771 Carloman died, 774 Charles defeats Lombards, 778 Spain’s Muslims The Merovingian Dynasty: 755 - “Donation of Constantine”, a forgery 760 Pope Hadrian I terminated sovereignty of Eastern Emperor
Charlemagne: 1. Expanded & unified the Western Empire, 2. Promoted Latin & Roman culture, 3. Did away with the conciliar Church, 4. Standardized the Rule of Benedict, 5. Provided child education through monasteries & cathedrals, 6. Strictly enforced religious rules, 7. Monitored enforcement through representatives, 8. Acknowledged 20 children from 5 wives and 6 concubines.
State of the Late 700’s: - Metropolitans in West called archbishops; under Emperor’s control they administered justice and wielded authority in government - Western empire at its height: Italy North of Naples, Corsica, Spain, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Bohemia,Czechsolvakia, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia - Eastern Emporer Basil I published Epanogogue - in contrast to Constitutio Romana published in the West in 808
Constitutio Romana (808): The constitution advanced the imperial pretensions in the city of Rome, but also established a system to check the power of the nobles. It decreed that those who were under the special protection of the pope or emperor were to be inviolable, and that proper obedience be rendered to the pope and his officials; that church property was not to be plundered after the death of a pope; that only those to whom the right had been given by the deceased Pope Stephen III, in 769, should take part in papal elections; that two commissioners were to be appointed, the one by the pope and the other by the emperor, who should report to them how justice was administered, so that any failure in the administration might be corrected by the pope, or, in the event of his not doing so, by the emperor; that the people should be judged according to the relevant law they had elected to live under; that its property be restored to the Church; that robbery with violence be put down; that when the emperor was in Rome the chief officials should appear before him to be admonished to do their duty; and, finally, that all must obey the Roman pontiff. By command of the pope and Lothair the people had to swear that, saving the fidelity they had promised the pope, they would obey the Emperors Louis and Lothair; would not allow a papal election to be made contrary to the canons; and would not suffer the pope-elect to be consecrated save in the presence of the emperor's envoys and an oath of homage from the newly elected Pope. - Wikipedia
End of the Carolingian Dynasty: 814: Charlemagne died; legitimate son succedes 843: Treaty of Verdun, son splits Empire among 3 sons France and German states move towards independence, Danes attack England, Vikings attack France & Netherlands, bishoprics & monasteries fall under control of fiefs, Western Empire disintegrates
