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New Media Services & Regulations. Hasan Ali Erdem Expert Radio and Television Supreme Council. refer s to all those means of communication, representation and knowledge,
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New Media Services & Regulations Hasan Ali Erdem Expert Radio and Television Supreme Council
refers toall those means of communication, representation and knowledge, in which we find the digitalization of the signal and its content that, possess dimensions of multimediality and interactivity - digital - interactive - mutimedial Source: Digital Media, Jan van Dijk, The Sage Handbook of Media Studies, 2004 what is new media?
media - periodic creation & dissemination of information and content - editorial responsibility - irrespective of the means and technology used for delivery, which are intended for reception - a clear impact on a significant proportion of the general public Source: Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)15 of the Committee of Ministers to member states onmeasures concerning media coverage of election campaigns
functions of media in a democratic society - the most important tool for freedom of expression in the public sphere - enabling people to exercise their right to seek and receive information - animate and provide a space for public debate - offer comment and opinion as part of political dialogue - increasing transparency and accountability - provide education, entertainment, cultural and artisticexpression Source: Recommendation CM/Rec(2011)7of the Committee of Ministers to member stateson a new notion of media
types of communication Source: New ICTs and the Problem of ‘Publicness’, Maria Heller, European Journal of Communication, 2006
levels of social communication Source: A New Notıon Of Medıa?Medıa and Medıa-lıke Content and Actıvıtıes on New CommunıcatıonServıces, Karol Jakubowicz, 1st Council of Europe Conference of Ministersresponsible for Media and New Communication Services, 2009
changing modes andpatterns of social communication due to new technologies Source: McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory, Denis McQuail, Sage Publications, 2005
brand-new media services social media social media for communication - blogs: the huffington post - microblogs: twitter - social networking: facebook social media for collaboration & sharinginformation & crowdsourcing - wikis: wikipedia - social bookmarking: del.icio.us social media for multimedia content - photo: flickr - video & music: youtube - livecasting: justin.tv - presentation: slide share - virtual reality: second life
public interest objectives of regulations - protecting individual rights (freedom of expression and information, privacy, etc.) - ensuring a high level of protection of minors and human dignity - maximizing individual choice and access to information - ensuring diversity of content - ensuring plurality of ownership - ensuring fair and effective competition - protecting intellectual property rights Source: Marcelino Oreja, Seminar on ‘Self-regulation in the media'. Jointly organized by the German Presidency of the European Union and the European Commission, 1999
– intent to act as media – purpose and underlying objectives of media – editorial control – professional standards – outreach and dissemination – public expectation Source: Recommendation CM/Rec(2011)7of the Committee of Ministers to member stateson a new notion of media media criteria and indicators
analogue model - scarcity and few players (duopoly) - one-to-many - linear programming - mediated consumption environment - national boundaries Source: Stefaan Verhulst, About Scarcities andIntermediaries: the Regulatory Paradigm Shiftof Digital Content Reviewed, The Handbook of New Media, Sage Publications, 2002 digital model - abundant players (branding) - many-to-many - convergence of sectors - non-linear programming (on demand) - disintermediation and individual consumption environment - transnational and global regulatory context
advantages of self-regulation over governmental regulation - increased efficiency - increased flexibility - increased incentives for compliance - transnational scope - increased expertise - reduced cost - minimized government intrusion in thespeech field Source: Stefaan Verhulst, About Scarcities andIntermediaries:the Regulatory Paradigm Shiftof Digital Content Reviewed, The Handbook of New Media, Sage Publications, 2002 considerations and challenges for self-regulation - it is almost always a misnomer andgovernment involvement usually continues -the paradigm is different fromderegulation or non-regulation -it involves significant regulatory costs -self-regulation requires active consumer andcitizen consultation (corporatist) -strong and committed support or socialresponsibility from all parties is necessary;free-riders should be considered -a balance between the carrot andthe stick may improve effectiveness self & co-regulation
broadcasting in Turkey terrestrial broadcasting -22 national, 14 regional, 184 local, 220 tv stations in total; -38 national, 98 regional, 922 local, 1.058 radio stations in total. cable casting 81 tv stations. satellite broadcasting 265 tv stations, 49 radio stations. IPTV 53 tv stations.
Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA)Annual statistics - Turkey
