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Climate Change

Explore the multidimensional issue of climate change and the need for both adaptation and mitigation strategies. Learn about priority impact areas such as energy, transportation, agriculture, water resources, and more.

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Climate Change

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  1. Climate Change Planning for Mitigation Shahid Lutfi

  2. Climate Change Multidimensional Issue • It is not the case of dealing with a single toxic agent where we can put our finger with certainty on an exposure and the response • Climate change affects everything • Therefore, requires multi-sectoral response

  3. Changing Perception • In Past: Hypothetically discussed • A threat in the distant future • At Present: Regarded as clear, observable fact • Future demand: • We must think of the many ways global warming will affect us, our resources, our economic prospects • We must adaptand mitigate accordingly

  4. Adaptation • Refers to actions intended to safeguard: • Person • Community • Business, or • Country against the effects of climate change

  5. Mitigation • Refers to any measure that will reduce Greenhouse Gases Emissions

  6. Solving problem from both ends • Mitigation addresses the front end • By cutting emissions it aims at slow raising temperature • Adaptation addresses the back end • Trying to live with the changes in the environment and economy (that global warming has generated and will continue to generate)

  7. Solution: Adaptation and Mitigation • Is now inevitable • By plan or by chaos ?

  8. Way Ahead • Solving problem from both ends • Even if we mitigate GHGs emissions 100% today --- temperature will keep rising and all the impacts will keep changing for next 25 years

  9. Bottom Line ---- Every Action on Extreme • Depending on where you are, this is going to be a • Hotter • Wetter, • Drier, • Windier, • Hungrier century than mankind has seen in a while In some places, it may be deadlier, too

  10. Our Climate • Pakistan contributes very little to the overall GHG emissions, but remains severely impacted by the negative effects of climate change • Being a predominantly agriculture economy and vulnerable to extremity of climate, it has a great challenge of protecting itself from the adverse impacts of climate change

  11. Our Strategy • Mitigation • Adaptation • Advocacy In priority impact areas

  12. Areas of interventions • Energy • Transportation • Agriculture • Water resources and irrigation system • Health • Forest • Urban planning

  13. GHG Emissions by Sector

  14. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies Energy Sector • Single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions • Also have the greatest potential for development of mitigation options

  15. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Renewable Energy Sources • Pakistan has vast potential for renewable energy development (hydropower, wind and solar energy) • GoP attaches high importance to development of renewable energy resources and has recently constituted a high-powered alternate energy board to advise the government on cleaner forms of energy • ENERCON, an attached department of the Ministry of Environment is specifically mandated to promote energy conservation and efficiency

  16. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Power Generation • Coal gasification • Combine cycle • Efficient Tube-wells

  17. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Industrial Energy Efficiency • Process change • Technology changes • EE Motors, energy intensive industries (steel, cement) • Efficient boilers • District heating and cooling systems • Industrial Parks • Common utilities

  18. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Appliances (Standards and Labels) • Lighting • Compact Florescent Lightbulbs (energy savers) • High cost (x3 to x5), Long life, Energy consumption 25% • 7 watt CFL ~40 watt: 26 watt CFL ~ 100 watt • Light Emitting Diodes (LED) • Replacement of High Pressure Sodium Bulb • Consume 40% less electricity • Used in parking areas, traffic lights, high rise illumination

  19. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Appliances (Standards and Labels) • Refrigerators, Air Conditioning etc. • Solar water heaters (geysers) • Solar stoves • Environmental friendly products • Cleaner production • Safe disposal • Recyclable

  20. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Efficient Transportation • Fuel Efficient Fleet • Promoting sustainable urban mobility • Modal shifts (BRT, LRT, etc.), Traffic demand management, Non-motorized transport (bicycle paths, etc.), • Improved urban planning • Reduction/elimination of bottlenecks • Reduction in travel time

  21. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Energy Efficient Buildings • Building codes (new buildings) • Natural ventilation and heating • Environmental friendly building material

  22. BedZed: Renovation Project • Former Sewage Works Site • 82 new homes: 1, 2, 3, 4 bed-houses • Commercial space • Medical center • Nursery • Sports center

  23. BedZed: Renovation Project • Solar energy usage • Super-insulation • Water conservation • Safe building materials

  24. BedZed: Renovation Project • Roof gardens • Wind driven ventilation system • Heat recovery from ventilation system • Natural light usage

  25. MitigationAreas for Planning and Strategies • Environment Friendly Planning • Improve architecture planning • Resource conservation • Reduce emissions

  26. MitigationMarket Transformation and Barrier Removal • Mitigation approach evolved recently • From supporting technology demonstration projects • To promoting market development for low-GHG emission technologies • Barrier Removal in order to achieve market transformation • Barriers relate to 5 market characteristics: • Policy • Finance • Business skills • Information • Technology

  27. ARCOLOGYFusion of Architecture and Ecology • Highly integrated 3-dimensional urban center • Maximum land utilization • Maximum Energy utilization

  28. International Framework • The Kyoto Protocol proposes to set up framework for • JOINT IMPLEMENTATION of projects aimed at reduction of GHGs, • CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM • EMISSIONS TRADING • As a party to Kyoto Protocol, Pakistan is in a better position to have access to all three mechanisms • Especially CDM leading to increased flow of foreign investment in projects

  29. Thank you

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