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WMO Space Programme

Discussion on connecting satellite observation systems to GEOSS for improved Earth monitoring, data quality, user capability, and global planning optimization.

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WMO Space Programme

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  1. WMO Space Programme Discussion with IPY-SPG 4 February 2009 WMO Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland Barbara J. Ryan Director, WMO Space Programme

  2. 2005 Pre-1957 An Historical Comparison

  3. Cataloged Objects in Earth Orbit

  4. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and Societal Benefits of Improved Earth Observations

  5. Connecting Satellite Observation Systems to GEOSS • Integrate observing systems, nationally and internationally, to benefit from the increased number and distribution of observations of any given event • Identify measures to minimize data gaps – to move toward a comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained Global Earth Observation “System of Systems”

  6. Space-based Component of WMO’sGlobal Observing System (GOS)

  7. NOAA JMA CMA ROSHYDROMET IMD Agencies Contributing to WMO’s GOS

  8. Satellite agencies Plan / implement space-based GOS Users Enhance user capabilityto benefit from sat data/products Ensure sat data quality Support product generation Enhance data access WMO Space Programme Activitiesinvolving WMO Members, their Space Agencies, and CGMS User requirementsdatabase Global planning optimization Collect requirements for space-based observations and related services WebsiteDocuments Training eventsVirtual Laboratory IntercalibrationGSICS IGDDS-RARS projectsAccess to R&D data RSSC-CMRGB workshop

  9. Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS) POLAR- POLAR intercalibration • To ensure consistency of datasets from different missions and operators • Implementation Plan adopted Nov.2006 • 8 Organizations currently contributing (+WMO) GEO versus Polar-orbiting Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) inter-calibration method • Images: NOAA/NESDIS

  10. GCOS 26 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) • Oceans • O.1 Sea Ice • O.2 Sea Level • O.3 Sea Surface Temperature • O.4 Ocean Colour • O.5 Sea State • O.6 Ocean Reanalysis • O.7 Ocean Salinity • Atmosphere A.1 Surface Wind Speed and Direction A.2 Upper-air Temperature A.3 Water A Vapour A.4 Cloud properties A.5 Precipitation A.6 Earth Radiation Budget A.7 Ozone A.8 Atmospheric reanalysis (multiple ECVs) A.9 Aerosols A.10 Carbon Dioxide, Methane and other Greenhouse Gases A.11 Upper-air Wind T. Terrestrial T.1 Lakes T.2 Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets T.3 Snow Cover T.4 Albedo T.5 Land Cover T.6 fAPAR T.7 LAI T.8 Biomass T.9 Fire Disturbance T.10 Soil moisture

  11. Expected availability of the GCOS required FCDRs (3: Terrestrial domain)

  12. ConsistentCalibrateddata sets Essential Climate products Satellite data Satellites & sensors Users GSICS GOS RSSC-CM Maximizing data quality and usability • Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) • Established Nov 2006, Currently involves 7 satellite operators • Operations Plan adopted April 2007 • Regional/Specialized Satellite Centres for Climate Monitoring (RSSC-CM) • Concept agreed following CM-7 guidance • Implementation Plan developed • Executive Panel to meet on 25-26 February

  13. CEOS Virtual Constellations • Synergies among national and regional satellite programs and focus dialogue and resources • Atmospheric composition – NASA/ESA • Global precipitation – NASA/JAXA • Land surface imaging – USGS/ISRO • Ocean surface topography – NOAA/Eumetsat • Ocean color radiometry • Ocean surface vector winds • Common guidelines • Optimal end-to-end capabilities • Coordinated user requirements for future systems

  14. NO2 Images for April 15, 2004 NASA

  15. Virtual Constellation (ACC) Example of Value Chain Societal Need Societal Benefit Decision Makers Disaster Warning System Volcanic Eruption Ash Improved Indexes andForecast Products Information Science Improved knowledge and models Needs and Requirements Results and Products AC individual missions provide limited continuity and coverage Measurements AC Constellation provides improved continuity and coverage Improved technology Mission

  16. Challenges Facing the Community • Research to Operations Transition (R2O) • Remarkable record of satellite observations derived from instruments largely designed for weather forecasting • Data Sharing Principles • WMO Resolutions 40 (met) and 25 (hydro) • Different approaches/terminology among different sectors and/or organizations – confusing to policy-makers

  17. Working across the Constellations -- Mt. Etna InSAR

  18. The Way Forward . . . both satellite and in situ data are required to better monitor, characterize, and predict changes in the Earth system. While in situ measurements will remain essential and largely measure what cannot be measured from satellites, Earth-observation satellites are the only realistic means to obtain the necessary global coverage, and with well-calibrated measurements will become the single most important contribution to global observations for climate. www.ceos.org

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