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AFRICA & INDIA 1900-1945

AFRICA & INDIA 1900-1945. COLONIAL AFRICA. Few Europeans lived in Africa BUT Built railroads, mines, companies, plantations Europeans benefitted, Africans did not Europeans brought health care – not enough Europeans brought mission schools – western ideas

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AFRICA & INDIA 1900-1945

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  1. AFRICA & INDIA1900-1945

  2. COLONIAL AFRICA • Few Europeans lived in Africa BUT • Built railroads, mines, companies, plantations • Europeans benefitted, Africans did not Europeans brought health care – not enoughEuropeans brought mission schools – western ideas Africans migrated to cities because they offered jobs, but it hurt families

  3. AFRICA & INDIA • Western education and the realities of racial discrimination contributed to the RISE OF NATIONALISM (both Africa and India) • Many Africans served in WWII • They listened to Allied propoganda in favor of liberation against Nazi’s and came back with liberation ideas against the Europeans

  4. NATIONALISTS BlaiseDiagne, Senegal • Wanted more African participation in politics and fair treatment in French army African National Congress, South Africa • Inspired by pan-Africanists from America such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey • Wanted unity of African people around the world

  5. ALGERIA VIOLENCE for Independnece • France had control of Algeria and did not want to let it go (gas/oil fields, trade) • Algerian Revolutionary Organization (FLN) VIOLENTLY fought and won independence, but France angry…French left but it hurt Algerian economy….Algerians went to France for jobs and were treated pooly

  6. GHANANon-violent independence • Britain tired after WWII • Kwame Nkrumah became leader and Ghana first African colony to achieve independence in Africa • Kwame a very powerful nationalist speaker, but not a great administrator….ousted by army

  7. KENYAViolent independence • Jomo Kenyatta was nationalist leader • Led a nationalist group called MAU MAU who fought with the British • British charged Kenyatta and put him in prison for 8 years • In 1961 – released him and then helped write a constitution for independent Kenya • EFFECTIVE leader (unlike Nkrumah)

  8. SOUTH AFRICA • Apartheid in South Africa • ANC (African National Congress) opposed it…at first non-violent (protests, strikes) • After Sharpville shootings, violence as Nelson Mandela organized guerrilla resistance • Sentenced to life in prison • 1986 – 2 million person general strike • International pressure to end apartheid • 1994 – Mandela freed – becomes President!

  9. HAILE SELASSIE, Ethiopia • Ethiopia beat Italians under Menelik – battle of Adwa – in 1889 • After Mussolini (Italy) invaded in 1935, Selassie made speech to League for help - Ignored • Exiled in England, until war over

  10. Rastafarian Movement • Ras – “Duke” or “leader”, Tafari (Selassie’s name) • Jamaicans believe that Haile Selassie is the messiah – will lead the African diaspora back • Zion is Africa, especially Ethiopia • Bob Marley is best known rastafarian

  11. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN INDIA & AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE • Both fighting British influence and government to obtain independence • Both had strong, nationalistic leaders and organizations (Gandhi INC; Mandela ANC) • Both started as non-violent • Both nationalist movements that won freedom were divided and conflicted (India – Muslim vs. Hindu’s; Africa different groups)

  12. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIA & S. AFRICA INDIA AFRICA No differences in ANC on religious grounds Apartheid Leader (Mandela) resorted to violence Country remained intact at independence • Religious differences between Muslim & Hindus • Leader (Gandhi) – no violence • Country split into 2 (Pakistan and India) at Independence – many Muslims and Hindus died

  13. WHY THE BIG DIFFERENCES INDIA AFRICA Some say not ready? Tribal problems , traditional culture & immense diversity led to violence and ethnic conflict Economic performance was poor – disappointing nationalists & causing problems Africa does not depend on land-owning class • India had practice with Western-style democracy (elections, parties, civil liberties, education etc…) • Struggle for independence had been long giving India time to sort leadership out • British handed over power more gradually

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