1 / 26

Any Questions?

Any Questions?. Chapter 8-Hard Drives. How the organization of data on floppy drives and Hard drives is similar About hard drive technologies How a computer communicates with a hard drive How to solve hard drive problems. Pg 283. Learning from Floppy Drives.

terri
Download Presentation

Any Questions?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Any Questions?

  2. Chapter 8-Hard Drives • How the organization of data on floppy drives and Hard drives is similar • About hard drive technologies • How a computer communicates with a hard drive • How to solve hard drive problems Pg 283

  3. Learning from Floppy Drives • Memory is organized logically and physically • Floppy is similar Pg 284

  4. How data is physically stored • Floppy drive has 34 pin cable • Separate power cord • Can be split into tracks and sectors • Formatting • Data is written as 1 or 0 • Read/write head Pg 284

  5. How data is Logically stored • Cluster or File Allocation unit • Smallest unit the OS can hold a portion of file • Sector is physical Storage/Cluster is logical storage • 80 tracks and 18 sectors • 1440 sectors • 1 sector per cluster and two sides • 2880 clusters • Each cluster has 512 bytes • 1,474,560 bytes of data • 1440 kilobytes • 1.44 MB Pg 287

  6. How a floppy is formatted • Tracks and Sectors • Boot Record • Two copies of the File Allocation Table • Root directory Pg 288

  7. How to install a Floppy • Need an empty bay and slot on motherboard • OR usb connector

  8. How Hard Drives Work • See video • HD has multiple platters • Each platter has a read/write head • Each surface is a head • Different from read/write head • On HD, each track that is a certain location away from center, is a cylinder Pg 291

  9. Tracks and sectors on the Drive • Older HD had same number of bytes on the smaller tracks in center as bigger tracks on edge • Newer systems use Zone Bit recording • Each sector is still 512 bytes • Each track can have different number of centers Pg 293

  10. Low level formatting • Manufacturer sets low level format • Sets track and sector marking • OS does High-level formatting • Old Drives • BIOS or utility to Low-Level • Newer Drives • When you see bad sectors, get a new one Pg 294

  11. Calculating Drive Capacity on Older Drives • Used to have a constant number of sectors per track. • All sectors had 512 bytes • Multiply the heads by cylinders by tracks • Old systems needed to be programmed into Bios • Newer BIOS can autodetect. Pg 295

  12. ATA Standards • Should be familiar with Table. • Find some references that are familiar • Questions are multiple choice, so if you have a general idea, you should be OK. • ATA/ EIDE naming • ATA is technically the connection type-ATAPI • IDE is the controller technology • EIDE supported up to 4 devices on 2 motherboard connections Pg 297

  13. ATA Standards • 80 conductor cable • 40 pins/80 wires • 40 for communication • 40 for ground • Needed for ATA 100 and above • 40 conductor standard • Both 18 inches long max Pg 297

  14. Serial ATA • Serial rather than parallel • Internal or external (eSata) • ESata 2 meter cable • Internal 1 meter cable • 7 pin cable • Smaller form factor • Supports Hot Swap Pg 299

  15. HD Transfer Modes & Device Timing • Direct memory Access (DMA) • HD has direct access to Memory • No need to ask CPU • Programmed Input/Output (PIO) • PIO uses CPU • Slower than DMS • Newer Boards allow HD to operate at different speeds • Independent Device Timing Pg 301

  16. 137 GB Barrier • ATAPI-6 or ATA-100 changed the size of the HD address space • Was 28 bits-137 GB • Now 48 bits-144 Petabytes • MB, OS, BIOS, ATA controller must support it Pg 301

  17. Parallel and Serial Config • Parallel ATA supports 4 devices • Primary Master • Primary Slave • Secondary Master • Secondary Slave • Decided by jumpers or cable select • Blue connector to motherboard • Black for first Drive • Gray for second drive Pg 302

  18. Parallel and Serial Config • Serial ATA • One drive per connector • Special Power connector • Most Modern systems have a combination of PATA and SATA connectors Pg 302

  19. ATA Controller Card • If you need to expand, or upgrade ATA versions • PCI expansion IDE card to support more drives Pg 305

  20. SCSI • Another connection type • Faster • More expensive • More configuration • Used to be common in servers/corp • Usually connects to a expansion card • Host adapter (can also be on motherboard) • Supports internal and external connections • SCSI ID for each device (0 to 15) • Set by jumper Pg 306

  21. Other interfaces • USB • 1.1 or 2.0 • Firewire-IEEE 1934 • External devices • Fibre Channel • Version of SCSI • Up to 126 devices • Very expensive Pg 308

  22. Setting up and installing • Prep for install • Set jumpers/DIPS • Physically install drive and attach power and data cables • Use CMOS to verify autodetection • If installing OS, boot from install CD Pg 310

  23. Setting up and installing • SATA is easier • No jumpers or dual connection cable • Wide bay • Require spacer/brackets Pg 325

  24. Troubleshooting HD install • HD not found • No bootable disk • Old CMOS Pg 328

  25. Resources for troubleshooting • Norton Utilities • Partition Magic • SpinRite • GetDataBack • Hard drive manufacturer diagnostics Pg 328

  26. Bumps are Bad • Hard Drive Crash • Heads physically touch drive • Bad Sectors • Track and sector markings fade Pg 336

More Related