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Decoding DNA: The Blueprint of Life

Explore the structure, functions, and processes of DNA, the hereditary molecule controlling cell activities. Learn about nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, DNA replication, protein synthesis, RNA differences, and the control of genetic traits. Discover the intricate workings of the cell at a molecular level.

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Decoding DNA: The Blueprint of Life

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  1. DNA - The Stuff of Life

  2. DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid • The HEREDITARY molecule CONTROLLING the ACTIVITIES of the cell

  3. DNA Structure • WATSON and CRICK proposed the structure in 1952 • Others worked on the structure

  4. DNA Structure • NUCLEOTIDE • The BUILDING block of the DNA ladder

  5. NUCLEOTIDE • Composed of 1. PHOSPHATE 2. DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR 3. NITROGENOUS BASE

  6. NUCLEOTIDE

  7. NUCLEOTIDE

  8. Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases Purines Pyrimidines Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) 1 ring Adenine (A) Guanine (G) 2 rings

  9. Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases • Adenine pairs with Thymine with two HYDROGEN bonds • A always pairs with T

  10. Four Kinds of Nitrogenous Bases • Guanine pairs with Cytosine with three HYDROGEN bonds • G always pairs with C

  11. Key words of DNA Shape • DOUBLE stranded • LADDER shape • sides of PHOSPHATE & SUGAR

  12. Key words of DNA Shape • RUNGS of bases • COILED (double helix)

  13. REPLICATION • Making an EXACT COPY of a DNA molecule • SELF doubling

  14. Protein Synthesis

  15. Protein Synthesis • The process of MAKING proteins

  16. Transcription • The process of CHANGING the DNA pattern into messenger RNA

  17. Messenger RNA • BRINGS coded information from DNA to the RIBOSOMES

  18. Ribosomes • The PROTEIN FACTORIES of the cell

  19. Translation • The process of CHANGING the information of messenger RNA into proteins

  20. Transfer RNA • The RNA that CARRIES the amino acids to the ribosomes and PAIRS with mRNA

  21. Codon • Combination of THREE bases of mRNA that determines the order of amino acids

  22. DNA vs. RNA

  23. Differences in RNA • 1. Single stranded helix • 2. Ribose Sugar • 3. Base uracil instead of thymine

  24. Differences in RNA • 4. Two kinds of RNA (mRNA, tRNA) • 5. RNA found in the nucleus and cytoplasm • 6. Smaller in size

  25. Transcription Translation

  26. Control of the Cell DNA mRNA MAKES Proteins Translation Traits Produces

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