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The Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000:

This presentation analyzes the post-secondary pathways of the Grade 9 cohort from Fall 2000 in the Toronto District School Board (TDSB), including graduation rates, dropouts, and post-secondary access. Key data from university and college applications and confirmations are examined.

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The Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000:

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  1. The Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000: Post-secondary Pathways Preliminary Analysis Dr. Robert S. Brown Organizational Development/ Research and Information Services Toronto District School Board Presentation to HEQCO - June 15, 2009

  2. Sections:I. Toronto and the Toronto District School Board (TDSB)II. What do we mean by the Grade 9 cohort?II. Outline of Cohort ProgressIV. TDSB Post-secondaryV. Post-secondary Access: this Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000VI. TDSB Post-secondary Pathways of the Grade 9 Cohort-- -- Next Steps --

  3. I. Toronto and the TDSB

  4. About the (TDSB) • Created on January 1, 1998, following the amalgamation of 7 individual boards. • Largest school board in Canada. • 592 schools serving 270,000 students. • Diverse student population in one of the world’s most diverse cities.

  5. TDSB- Key Languages

  6. Source: City of Toronto

  7. II. What do we mean by the Grade 9 cohort?

  8. Annual versus Cohort • Annual rates, looking at the outcomes of a group of students (using most students in a high school system) over a one year period (e.g. EQAO tests, Secondary Success Indicators)

  9. Annual versus Cohort • Cohort rates, looking at how one group of students did over a period of time. • In Ontario, this has traditionally looked at how Grade 9 students have fared over a five year period, from when they started their first year of high school in Grade 9 until after they finished their fifth year).

  10. Why Do Cohort Studies? • Only way to provide the full (or at least fuller) picture of long-term student progress. • Both at-risk and resilient students take longer to complete high school. • ‘Dropout’ status changes from year to year; the longer the study the more definitive the outcome.

  11. Key Directions/ Purposes of Cohort Studies: • Examine progress over time • Look at differences between subgroups • Examine differences between subgroups over time

  12. Cohort: Outcomes at end of 6 years • Graduation with OSSD and/or 30+ credits • Remaining in the TDSB for Year 7 (October 31 of Year 7) • Transfer to other educational system • Dropout

  13. Grade 9 cohort of Fall 2000 (with references to other cohorts): • 13-15 year old students who started their secondary studies in the TDSB (Grade 9) in Fall 2000 • First TDSB cohort study (used 6 student information systems from time of amalgamation)

  14. III. Outline of Cohort Progress

  15. Under the OSS curriculum, students can attend regular day school until the age of 21. Thus, students in the cohort were in the position to graduate/apply to Post-secondary in: • 2003-4 (Year 4) • 2004-5 (Year 5) • 2005-6 (Year 6) • 2006-7 (Year 7) • 2007-8 (Year 8)

  16. Most students had either graduated or dropped out by Fall 2007 (end of Year 6/beginning of Year 7): • 54.5% graduated in 2003-4 (Year 4) • 14.2% graduated in 2004-5 (Year 5) • 3.0% graduated in 2005-6 (Year 6) • by the end of Year 6, 26.1% had dropped out • by the end of Year 6, 2.3% were still in the TDSB in the Year 7 of secondary.

  17. Note: 'dropout' is a fluid concept. A student can be a dropout one year, a current student the next year, and a graduate. • For analysis of graduation and dropout trends in this cohort, see Brown (2006) and Anisef et al. (2008).

  18. IV. TDSB Post-secondary

  19. Post-secondary Information • Data from OUAC (university applications) • Data from OCAS (community college applications) • Merged with TDSB information from the student information system for each school year.

  20. See Brown, TDSB Secondary Student Success Indicators, 2004-2005

  21. TRENDS-- In looking at this cohort, we are looking at a moving target. Increasing proportion of students in the TDSB applying to post-secondary.

  22. MULTIPLE YEARS Students will apply in multiple years of Grade 12. They may apply one year, be unsuccessful, and they apply another year. Or they may not apply until their second and third year of Grade 12.

  23. The Direct Transition The Direct Transition • Students will apply to post-secondary directly from high school, or within a year or two of graduation. These students are the 'direct transition'. • Students will apply as adult students in the 'indirect transition'. • The boundaries between the two are fluid. • We will be looking at the direct transition,according to student records.

  24. Post-secondary Access: This Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000

  25. Post-secondary Access: This Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000 Students 1) Apply to post-secondary; they 2) confirm an offer of admission and 3) register (attend) the institution. We looked at five years of postsecondary applications and confirmations (registration data available only in 2004): • 2003-4 (Year 4 of this cohort; known by universities and colleges as the 2004 applications cycle) • 2004-5 (Year 5) • 2005-6 (Year 6) • 2006-7 (Year 7) • 2007-8 (Year 8 if this cohort; the 2008 applications cycle)

  26. To What Universities Did Students Confirm an Offer of Admission? • In 2004, out of all university confirmations, two thirds of (65%) confirmed an offer of admission in the four universities located in the City of Toronto: Toronto (34%), York (19%) Ryerson (11%) and the Ontario College of Art and Design (1%). • Other students most often registered at universities that were also fairly close to Toronto: Waterloo (8%), Western (5%), Queens (5%) Guelph (4%) and McMaster (4%).

  27. To What Ontario Colleges Did Students Confirm an Offer of Admission? • Nearly all college students (92%) registered in the five colleges located in or around the City of Toronto: Seneca (27%), George Brown (22%), Centennial (19%), Humber (18%) and Sheridan (5%).

  28. VI. TDSB Post-secondary Pathways of the Grade 9 Cohort

  29. Putting Confirmations and Graduation Patterns Together: Post-secondary Pathways We put the 5 years of confirmations data, and the six year cohort study, together in a variable that combines outcomes from when the students started in Grade 9 in Fall 2000, until the final year of applications in the 'direct transition' in 2007-8: • 43.1% confirmed an offer of acceptance from university; • 13.9% confirmed an offer of acceptance from college; • 7.3% applied to post-secondary but did not confirm any offer; • 10.0% graduated, but did not apply to post-secondary; • 24.0% dropped out, and did not apply to post-secondary.

  30. Post-secondary Pathways A Few Key Points: • Speaking English and being born in and out of Canada in themselves are not especially important (similar to what we found in the earlier study) although the lower-achieving categories are a bit more likely to be born in Canada and speaking English only. • The two extremes are confirmation to university on one side, and dropout on the other. • The key differences are gender, streaming, Grade 9 performance, and SES.

  31. Next Steps?

  32. The Grade 9 Cohort of Fall 2000: Post-secondary Pathways Preliminary Analysis Dr. Robert S. Brown Organizational Development/ Research and Information Services Toronto District School Board Thank you Presentation to HEQCO - June 15, 2009 R08(Grade 9 Cohort\Gr9Cohort PPTs\heqc04June09)

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