The National Policy 1873-1900’s

1. The National Policy1873-1900’s The National Policy Canadian Heartland and Hinterland Effects of Industrialization

2. The National Policy • The National Policy was a means to produce growth in the Canadian economy using protective tariffs on American imports • 3 Initiatives: • Protective tariffs against foreign goods • A transcontinental railway • Greater immigration to the West

3. The National Policy - Effects • The National policy’s most immediate result was the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway • Creation of an industrial Heartland in Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) that has existed for over 100 years • Canada was no longer Europe’s Hinterland

4. Canadian Heartland and Hinterland • The National policy created a Canadian Heartland, but also a Canadian Hinterland • The Maritimes and the West became that Hinterland

5. Canadian Heartland and Hinterland The Maritimes • At the time (1878), Nova Scotia was expecting a great economic boom as the result of the National policy and it’s ice free harbour • The Maritimes experienced prosperity, but it did not last • Many companies based in the Heartland cared only for profit - not the economic well being of the Maritimes

6. Canadian Heartland and Hinterland - Effects The West • Immigration in the West did not increase as expected, but eventually picked up • The West took advantage of both the railway and federal subsidies for the wheat industry • Conflicts with the Aboriginal and Métis communities over Treaty rights caused great difficulty for all involved

7. Effects of Industrialization Working Conditions • Work conditions were harsh • Long days • Failure to meet demands resulted in lost wages and even corporal punishment • Lack of health and safety standards resulted in many injuries and spread of disease • Many workers were often exposed to harmful chemicals and dangerous working conditions

8. Effects of Industrialization Standard Of Living • The standard of living at this time would cross between second and first world • Many poor families • High infant mortality rates • Poor access to health care for most • Lack of electricity, refrigeration and clean water

9. Effects of Industrialization Social Response • Many of those in the middle-class took initiatives to help the poor • This resulted in new hospitals, better health care, public sanitation, and useful legislation to promote the rights of workers

10. Effects of Industrialization Response of Workers • Workers in new industrial factories generally responded in one of two ways: • Development of trade unions to fight for profit sharing, benefits, and better wages through strike action. • More radical approach was to join together to restructure capitalism.

11. Case Study 11 • Please read chapter 9 on Canada’s National Policy of 1878 and record vocabulary words. • What is the National Policy? Why was it created? (fully explain) • How did the National Policy create a Canadian Heartland and Hinterland effect? Explain. • In an organizational chart show the effects of industrialization in Canadian society (see sample).

12. #4 sample chart