Disorders of the Urinary System

1. Disorders of the Urinary System Can you guess one?

2. Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) • Made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid • Gradually they get larger until they block ureters • First sym severe pain • Other sym nausea and vomiting, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria • Diagnosis by symptoms, ultrasound, or x-ray • Rx –increase fluids to flush out stone, medications, and if needed LITHOTRIPSY

3. Lithostripsy • Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones • Shock waves hit dense stones and break them up • Done on outpatient basis

4. Glomerulonephritis Two types Acute- occurs in some children about 1 to 3 weeks after a bacterial infection, usually a strep throat. The illness is treated with antibiotics and recovery takes place. Chronic- occurs when the filtration membrane may be permanently affected. There is diminished functions of the kidney, which may result in kidney failure. • Disease which injures the glomerulus. • The filtration process is affected. Plasma proteins are filtered through and protein is found in the urine as albumin and red blood cells are present.

5. Nephritis • Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection) • Incontinence –involuntary urination

6. Cystitis • Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder • Most common cause – E.Coli • Sym- DYSUIA (painful urination) and frequency • Usually in females (shorter urethra) • Rx - antibiotics

7. Kidney Failure • ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE• • Caused by nephritis, shock, injury, bleeding, sudden heart failure or poisoning•Symps – OLIGURIA (scant urine) or ANURIA (no urine produced) • CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE - gradual loss of function of nephrons

8. Urinary Disorders Renal Failure • Chronic kidney disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body. • How are these systems affected by renal failure?

9. Hemodialysis • Used for kidney failure • Involves the passage of blood through device with semipermeable membrane • Dialysis serves as substitute kidney • Blood from patient flows through machine and is filtered • Can be done at home or in clinic • Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week.

10. Urinary Disorders Renal Failure • How is it treated? • Peritoneal dialysis • What is the process involved in this treatment?

11. Kidney Transplant • As a last resort • Involves donor organ from someone with a similar immune system • Main complication - rejection

12. Definitions

13. Definitions Continues

14. Essential Questions • What are the functions of the urinary system? • What are some disorders of the urinary system? • How are disorders of the urinary system treated? • How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system?

17. PPT and BM Three and Four BM Three • Take two disorders on this bubble map and draw a picture of the part of the kidney that it affects and color the picture of the disorder. Then in the picture draw the signs and symptoms, and treatment • Complete the bubble map in color and color the pictures. BM Four • Using the one disorder on this bubble map and draw a picture of the part of the kidney that it affects and color the picture of the disorder. Then in the picture draw the signs and symptoms, and treatment • For peritoneal dialysis discuss why someone would do this rather than hemodialysis. • Complete bubble map in color and color the pictures