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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt. Egyptian Kingdoms. Old Kingdom 3,000 BC. Middle Kingdom. New Kingdom. 2700 – 2200 BC. 2050-1652 BC. 1567 – 1085 BC. List the Three Kingdoms. The Gift of the Nile. Called the “Gift of the Nile” and the “ Miracle of the Nile .”

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Ancient Egypt

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  1. Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt

  2. Egyptian Kingdoms Old Kingdom 3,000 BC Middle Kingdom New Kingdom 2700 – 2200 BC 2050-1652 BC 1567 – 1085 BC List the Three Kingdoms.

  3. The Gift of the Nile • Called the “Gift of the Nile” and the “Miracle of the Nile.” • The yearlyflooding of the Nile was predictable. • Flooded, leaving a rich deposit of fertile soil that forms a delta. Hymn to theNile – “The bringer of food, rich in provisions, creator of all good, lord of majesty, sweet of fragrance.”

  4. Unique Features of the Nile • Longestriver in the world. (4,000 miles). • Runs from the south to the north. • Largest, most heavily populated cities are located near the arableland next to the Nileriver.

  5. The Gift of the Nile • Black land – name given to the fertile, farming land. • Red land – name given to the land that is desert. Red Land and Black Land above

  6. Egyptian Prosperity • Farming surplus – made Egypt a wealthy region. • Nile river unified Upper and Lower Egypt. • Nile provided transportation and the ability to trade goods.

  7. Egyptian Prosperity • Natural barriers included deserts to their east and west, the RedSea, and the Mediterranean Sea. • Natural barriers meant the Egyptians rarely feared invading armies.

  8. Egyptian Writing • Hieroglyphics – which means “priest carvings” or “sacredwritings.” The Egyptianstyle of writing. • Scribes wrote on papyrus, a reed found in the Nile. • Papyrus=paper

  9. Egyptian Writing Papyrus Reeds

  10. Egyptian Writing • Jean Francois Champollion cracked the code of Egyptian hieroglyphics with the Rosetta Stone. We could now readEgyptianhieroglyphics. • The Rosetta Stone had three languages, Egyptian, demotic and Greek.

  11. Egyptian Writing

  12. Egyptian Writing

  13. The Egyptian People • Filled with hope. Secure and confident. • Sense of changelessness. • Prosperous and stable. • Belief in an afterlife.

  14. Egyptian Social Classes Pharaoh Grand Stewart or Vizier Upper class Nobles and Priests Merchants, Artisans, Scribes, and Tax collectors – strong middle class. Farmers – most people in Egypt were farmers. They paid taxes, lived in small villages, provided military service and labor for building projects.

  15. Check for Understanding • What is the Egyptian style of writing called? • What did scribes write on? • Of what value was the Rosetta Stone? • Who was the most powerful person in Egypt? • Which group made up the largest % of the population?

  16. Egyptian Religion • The Egyptians were polytheistic with over 2,000gods and goddesses. • The most important gods were the sun god, Ra, and land gods. • Their gods provided balance between order and chaos. Sun god, Ra

  17. Egyptian Religion • Osiris was the god of the Underworld and resurrection. • It is from the story of his death and resurrection, that Egyptians got their belief in the importance of mummification.

  18. Egyptian Religion • Isis was an important goddess. • Her bringing together of Osiris’s body and his resurrection were symbolic of the new life brought with the Nile’s yearly flood.

  19. Egyptian Religion

  20. Egypt's Old Kingdom • Began in 3100 BC when King Menesunited Upper and Lower Egypt. • He wore the doublecrown of Egypt. • Menes established a dynasty of rulers or pharaohs. White crown-Upper Egypt and the Red Crown is for Lower Egypt.

  21. Egypt's Old Kingdom • Dynasty – a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on to their children. • Power is usually transferred to the oldest male child.

  22. Egypt's Old Kingdom • Pharaoh – meant “great house” or “palace.” • They had absolutepower. • Egyptian pharaoh’s were called the “Son of Ra.”

  23. Check for Understanding • Were the Egyptians monotheistic or polytheistic? • Who was the god of the Underworld? • Who was the 1st pharaoh to unite Egypt? • A line of rulers from the same family is called this… • What does the term pharaoh mean?

  24. Egypt's Old Kingdom • The greatest accomplishment of the OldKingdom was – • The building of the Great Pyramids at Giza.

  25. The Great Pyramids

  26. The Great Pyramids

  27. The Great Pyramids • Originally, mastabas were built to house pharaohs. Later, great pyramids were built. • Mastabas were then used to bury the pharaoh’s officials.

  28. The Great Pyramids

  29. The Great Pyramids

  30. The Great Pyramids • The Great Pyramids were built by King Khufu in Giza – 2,540 BC. • Largest and most magnificent of pyramids. • Pyramids had supplies for the pharaoh to enjoy when he returned from the dead. Supplies included: food, games, weapons, and boats.

  31. The Great Sphinx • Guarding the Great Pyramids is the Great Sphinx. • 240 ft long, 66 ft. high. • It has the body of a lion and the head of a man, probably Khufu’s son, Khafre. The Great Sphinx

  32. The Great Sphinx

  33. Mummification • The process of mummifying a body was taken very seriously by priests. • First, the major organs were removed, and then the body was drained of all fluids and dried with natron (salt) for about 3 months.

  34. Mummification • Then, the majororgans were wrapped and placed in canopic jars. • Finally, the body was carefully wrapped one layer at a time and placed in a sarcophagus.

  35. Mummification http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/launch_gms_mummy_maker.shtml

  36. The Middle Kingdom • 2050 – 1652 BC. • Golden Age of stability and trade. • Conquered Nubia. • Traded with Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Crete.

  37. The New Kingdom • Egypt was the most powerful nation in the region. • Massive wealth and a new kingdom of powerfulpharaohs. • Age of militarism and empire.

  38. Famous Pharaohs • Hatshepsut -1stfemale pharaoh. • She dressed as a man, and claimed the gods wanted her to be pharaoh. • She built many temples.

  39. Pharaohs of this Era • Map to the temples that ran the length of the Nile river.

  40. Famous Pharaohs • Amenhotep IV or Akhenaton – 1st pharaoh to claim that there was only onegod, Aton, the sun. • He angered many priests by closing their temples.

  41. Famous Pharaohs • Akhenaton was married to the world’s most beautiful woman, Queen Nefertiti. • Their son was King Tutankhamen, or King Tut, the “boy king.”

  42. Famous Pharaohs • King Tutankhamen restored the old gods, but his memory was erased from history. • His tomb was the most famous because it was complete, and had not been looted.

  43. Famous Pharaohs

  44. Famous Pharaohs • ArchaeologistHoward Carter made the most famous of all archaeological finds when he uncovered the tomb of the boy king.

  45. Famous Pharaohs

  46. Famous Pharaohs • Ramses the Greatruled the longest of all the pharaohs.He died at the age of 90. • He may have been the pharaoh that dealt with Moses.

  47. Famous Pharaohs • Cleopatra II was the last of the Egyptian pharaohs. • Her challenge to Roman power was answered by defeat at the Battle of Actium and her suicide.

  48. Contributions of the Egyptians • Writing – hieroglyphics. • Pyramids, temples and monuments. • Math – calculate area, volume.

  49. Contributions of the Egyptians • 365 day calendar. • Expertise in anatomy. • Great doctors and nurses. Medical training and expertise.

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