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Minerals

Learn about the defining characteristics of minerals, including their natural occurrence, inorganic nature, solid state, crystal structure, and specific chemical composition. Explore identification methods such as color, streak, luster, density, hardness, crystal systems, and special properties.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals Characteristics of Minerals

  2. Minerals are… • Naturally occurring (not man made) Yes - Diamonds No – Cubic Zirconia

  3. Minerals are… • Inorganic (non-living) From non-living carbon From carbon of plants Not a mineral Mineral

  4. Minerals are… • Solid – definite volume, definite shape

  5. Minerals are… • Definite chemical (fixed) composition • Solid – definite volume, definite shape A mineral always contains certain elements in definite proportions

  6. Minerals have… • Crystal structure – a repeating pattern of particles

  7. Write a definition for a mineral A mineral is…

  8. Write a definition for a mineral A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

  9. Solid Naturally Occurring Inorganic Composition Element or Compound

  10. Identifying Minerals • Color

  11. Identifying Minerals • Color • Streak – color of the mineral as a powder - we use a streak plate (unglazed porcelain) to create the powder How do we perform a Streak test everyday? Using a pencil.

  12. Identifying Minerals • Luster – how light reflects off the surface of a mineral Metallic (like metal) Nonmetallic – glassy, waxy, greasy, pearly, dull, silky, earthy

  13. Identifying Minerals • Density – mass per unit volume density= mass/volume

  14. Identifying Minerals • Density – mass per unit volume density= mass/volume Mass = 72 g Volume = 9 cm3 Density = ? 8 g/cm3 • Hardness – how easily a mineral can be scratchedMoh’s Scale Softest (1) - Hardest (10)

  15. Mohs Hardness Scale

  16. Identifying Minerals • Crystal systems cubic tetragonal hexagonal orthorhombic monoclinic triclinic

  17. Identifying Minerals • Breakage Cleavage - breaks along flat surfaces Fracture – breaks in an irregular way

  18. Identifying Minerals • Special Properties Magnetic (magnetite) Optical properties (some calcite) Fizzes with HCl (calcite) Taste (halite) Smell (sulfur)

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