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Ranchers and the Cattle Industry. Texas and the Longhorn. Texas had ideal conditions for cattle Warm climate year round Water sources Wide open range land Longhorn- sturdy, short-tempered breed originally from southern Spain. Cattle Business. Buffalo and Indians gone from the plains
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Texas and the Longhorn • Texas had ideal conditions for cattle • Warm climate year round • Water sources • Wide open range land • Longhorn- sturdy, short-tempered breed originally from southern Spain
Cattle Business • Buffalo and Indians gone from the plains • Estimate: 5 million cows in Texas 1865 • Buy for $4 in Texas • Sell for $40 in East
Getting Cattle to market • Cattle drive north from Texas • Chicago stock yard • Hub for railroads • Railroads provided • Quick and easy shipping to Eastern markets
Cattle Drives • 1 Cowboy for every 200 – 300 cows • Drawback to life as a cowboy • Low wages • Loneliness • Occupational hazards • Sickness • Weather • Stampedes
The End of Big Cattle • Barbed Wire and land ownership • Overgrazing • Overproduction = low beef prices • Natural Disasters • 1883 Drought • 1887 Blizzard and “Big Die-up” • Cattle Diseases