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What is food security?

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What is food security?

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  1. Feeding the world into the future: the role of food science and technologyNutrition:Research, Innovation and MarketsUniversity of Toronto10 October 2013Rickey Y. Yada, Ph.D.ProfessorCanada Research Chair in Food Protein StructureScientific Director Advanced Foods and Materials Canada (AFM Canada)President Elect IUFoSTDepartment of Food ScienceUniversity of GuelphGuelph, Ontario N1G 2W1

  2. What is food security? As defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: • Food security “exists when all people at all times have both physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.” Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2013). Hunger Portal: FAQ. Date retrieved: June 11, 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/

  3. Challenges • Increasing global population • Climate change • Potable water shortage • Loss of arable land, urbanization • Increasing food wastage • Food related issues • Malnutrition • Obesity

  4. Challenges • An increasing global population, in combination with climate change, poses a threat to food security as arable land becomes more scarce • Global population: 4.4 billion  6.1 billion from 1980-2000 • Projected 9 billion 2050 • Food production: 50% increase from 1980-2000 • Degradation of arable land: • 75% in Central America • One-fifth in Africa • 11% in Asia Sample, I. (2007, August 31). Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land. The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/aug/31/climatechange.food

  5. Growing our Energy for Security – Food vs Fuel? de Gorter, H., Drabik, D., & Just, D. R. (2013). Biofuel Policies and Food Grain Commodity Prices 2006-2012: All Boom and No Bust?. AgBioForum16(1): 1-13

  6. Malnutrition Worldwide The FAO defines undernourishment as the state of consistently consuming less energy, in the form of protein and calories, to maintain a weight appropriate for height, and for mild activity. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2013). Hunger Portal: FAQ. Date retrieved: June 11, 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/

  7. Approximately 500 million people across the world are obese (BMI of 30 or greater), and if the population that is overweight was also included (BMI of 25 or greater), 1.5 billion people would fall into this category. • If nothing is done to remedy the issue, 1 billion people are predicted to be obese by 2030. Harvard School of Public Health (2013). Adult obesity. Date retrieved: June 11, 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/obesity-rates-worldwide/ World Health Organization (2013, March). Obesity and overweight Fact sheet No311. Date retrieved: June 11, 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/

  8. Health Care Costs – Malnutrition & Obesity • Malnutrition on a global $3.5 trillion dollars, or 5% of the global GDP • Obesity • Obesity • Obesity • Obesity Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2013, June 4). FAO urges end of malnutrition as priority. Date retrieved: June 12, 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/176888/icode/ http://obesity.ulaval.ca/obesity/generalities/mortalite_morbidite.php

  9. Vitamin/Mineral deficiencies • Vitamin A • Approximately 250000 – 500000 children that are Vitamin A deficient develop blindness each year • Iron • Affects approximately 30% of people in the world • Zinc • As of 2009, it was estimated that approximately 2 billion people were deficient in zinc

  10. Sprinkles

  11. Iron Tea

  12. Iron Fish • Univ. Guelph project • placed into water that is being sterilized or used to prepare food • provide about 75 per cent of daily iron requirements http://atguelph.uoguelph.ca/2013/09/iron-fish-a-finalist-in-innovation-competition/

  13. Nanoencapsulation - nanoemulsions Shefer,A. (2005) www.foodtech-international.com/papers/images/application-nano/fig1 http://nanogreensinfo.com • Functional ingredients are essential components in many foods • e.g., vitamins, colours, flavours, preservatives, antimicrobials, etc.) • Usually need some sort of delivery system to optimize activity. • Pay load substantially decreased

  14. Stability of Iron Sources Ferric pyrophosphate Sodium ferrous citrate Nano Fe Ferrous sulfate White precipitation Brown precipitation Yellowish-brown Clear 5 mg Fe / 100 ml, pH 7.0, stored at 40˚C under dark conditions Storage time: Nano Fe for 3 months, all others 2 days

  15. Protein Consumption “FAO and other institutions[1] suggest that global meat production (Figure 1) and consumption will rise from 233 million tonnes (2000) to 300 million tonnes (2020), and milk from 568 to 700 million tonnes over the same period. Egg production will also increase by 30 percent. These predictions show a massive increase in animal protein demand, needed to satisfy the growth in the human population, and the increasing affluence of the emerging economies.” http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5019e/y5019e05.htm

  16. Protein Utilization Major industrial protein ingredients from plant sources [Day, L. (2013) Trends Food Sci. Technol. 32: 25-42] Day, L. (2013) Proteins from land plants – Potential resources for human nutrition and food security, Trends in Food Science & Technology32: 25-42.

  17. Multicomponent solution http://www.campbellsoup.ca/en-ca/products/nourish/campbells-nourish-six-grain-vegetable

  18. Way of the future? http://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/web/Main/Research1/ResearchUM/FirsteverPublicTastingOfLabgrownCulturedBeefBurger.htm

  19. Innovative strategies http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/flour-made-with-insects-wins-1m-for-mcgill-team-1.1866685

  20. http://www.foodnavigator.com/Financial-Industry/Reduce-reuse-recycle-FAO-says-food-waste-costs-750bn-a-year/?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily&c=w92LS4%2BNc5sgI%2BmmWm8YcQ%3D%3Dhttp://www.foodnavigator.com/Financial-Industry/Reduce-reuse-recycle-FAO-says-food-waste-costs-750bn-a-year/?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily&c=w92LS4%2BNc5sgI%2BmmWm8YcQ%3D%3D

  21. Solar Dehydration http://www.iufost.org/publications/books/documents/Mercer.pdf

  22. Vacuum Microwave Drying http://www.enwave.net/

  23. Potable Water http://akvopedia.org/wiki/images/0/0c/CPF1.jpg

  24. Food insecurity - Canada http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/1-in-8-canadian-families-struggle-to-put-food-on-table-study-says-1.1346620

  25. Food Deserts and Swamps http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-blumenthal/food-deserts_b_3822428.html

  26. New technologies – beyond science? • Consumer attitude • Consumer acceptance

  27. Food Security Challenge • Solution – complex • Produce more food? • Huge opportunities • Social/Consumer Science

  28. IUFoST - 2014 IUFoST 2014 World Congress Montreal, Canada 17-21 August 2014

  29. Acknowledgements • Brian Bryksa • Kara Griffiths • Julia Mirotta • Rhiannon Jamieson-Williams • Doug Grahame • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada • Canada Research Chairs Program • IUFoST • University of Toronto • Consul General’s Office of Italy

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