HS1 – Section 4 Blood/Heart/Circulation

HS1 – Section 4 Blood/Heart/Circulation Part 1 - Blood

Blood Facts • Average adult = 8-10 pints of blood • Hematology = Study of Blood

Functions of Blood • Transports nutrients, O2, cellular waste products, & hormones • Aids in distribution of heat • Regulates acid-base balance • Helps protect against infection

Components of Blood

What is Blood made up of? 1. Plasma • Erythrocytes (RBC’s) • Leukocytes (WBC’s) 4. Thrombocytes

Plasma liquid portion of blood, transports • Straw colored – contains: • Water (90%) • Blood proteins • Plasma proteins FIBRONOGEN – needed for blood clotting, synthesized in the liver ALBUMIN – from the liver, helps maintain blood’s osmotic pressure and volume PROTHROMBIN – a globulin which helps blood coagulate. Vitamin K necessary for prothrombin synthesis. • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, enzymes • Metabolic waste products

Erythrocytes Erythro = Red Cyte = Cell • Shape = biconcave discs • Carries O2 • Erythropoiesis = Manufacture of red blood cells -Occurs in bone marrow -Red cells live 120 days -Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver • Hemolysis = rupture or bursting of erythrocyte, can be from a blood transfusion or disease.

Erythrocytes Cont… Hemoglobin gives red color, heme is iron and globin is protein Function of Hemoglobin: • Red cells travel through the lungs where O2 is carried to tissues and released • CO2 picked up and carried back to lungs for exchange Arterial blood – lots of oxygen = bright red Venous blood – lots of CO2 = dark crimson

Leukocytes Leuko=White Cyte=Cell • Larger than erythrocytes • Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800 • Group of cell that fights infections • 2 Main Types -Granulocytes (formed in bone marrow) -Neutrophils (performs phagocytosis) -Eosinophils (involved in parasitic infections) -Basophils (secretes heparin (anticoagulant) ) -Agranulocytes(formed in bone marrow, lymph glands, & spleen) -Lymphocytes (produces antibodies) -Monocytes

Leukocytes Cont… • PHAGOCYTOSIS – process when wbc’s surround, engulf, and digest harmful bacteria. • DIAPEDESIS – when wbc’s move through capillary wall into neighboring tissue.

Leukocytes Cont… Inflammation Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma Cause: disease producing organisms • Sx: redness, local heat, swelling and pain • Why? Bacterial toxins, increased blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues (edema)

Leukocytes Cont… Inflammation Cont… • HISTAMINE increases the blood flow to the injured area • PUS produced – a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma • ABSCESS – pus-filled cavity below the epidermis

Leukocytes Cont… Inflammation Cont… • PYREXIA – increase in body temp by the hypothalamus – in response to pathogenic invasion • LEUKOCYTOSIS – increase in the number of white cells in response to infection • LEUKOPENIA – decrease in number of white cells due to chemotherapy or radiation

Thrombocytes “Platelets” • Smallest of solid components of blood • Synthesized in red marrow • Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process “coagulation”

Thrombocytes Cont… • ANTICOAGULANTS – prevent blood clotting • HEPARIN = antiprothrombin • PROTHROMBIN – dependent on Vitamin K

Blood Types

Blood Types • Four major types of blood- A, B, AB and O • Inherited from parents • Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell

Blood Types Cont… Antibodies • ANTIBODY – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign substance that enters the body. • Type A blood has b antibodies • Type B blood has a antibodies • Type AB blood has no antibodies • Type O blood has a and b antibodies • UNIVERSAL DONOR O • UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT AB

Blood Types Cont… RH Factor • Red cells also may contain Rh factor • If you have it, you’re Rh + • If you don’t, you’re Rh – • Negatives may only receive negatives • Positives can receive negative or positive • Problem will result with pregnancies and their infant as well as possible hemolysis or transfusion reaction

Donating & Receiving Blood Products

Possible Blood Types of a Child

HS1 – Section 4 Blood/Heart/Circulation