1 / 28

GI Medications Overview: Antacids, Antispasmodics, and More

Explore uses of antacids, antispasmodics, laxatives in gastrointestinal health. Learn about actions, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. Understand nursing implications and patient teaching for these medications.

tferrel
Download Presentation

GI Medications Overview: Antacids, Antispasmodics, and More

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 18 Gastrointestinal Medications

  2. Chapter 18 Lesson 18.1

  3. Learning Objectives • Identify common uses for antacids and histamine H2-receptor antagonists • Compare and contrast the actions of anticholinergic and antispasmodic medications on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract • Compare the actions and adverse reactions of the five major classifications of laxatives

  4. Learning Objectives (cont.) • Identify indications for the use of at least two common antidiarrheals, antiflatulents, digestive enzymes, and emetics • Describe indications for disulfiram use and what is meant by "disulfiram reaction"

  5. Overview • Three major types of GI medications: restore and maintain the lining of the GI tract; decrease acidity and motility; exert laxative action on the colon • Miscellaneous medications: antiflatulants, digestive enzymes, emetics, and medications to treat gallstones and alcoholism

  6. Digestive System • Functions • Structures • Protective factors • Digestion variables

  7. Digestive System

  8. Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors • Stomach lining and acid production • External factors that contribute to ulcer formation • Protective medications • Table 18-1

  9. Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors (cont.) Action and Uses • Antacids neutralize hydrochloric acid and decrease gastric pH; inhibit pepsin • Histamine H2-receptor antagonists displace histamine from the receptor site and prevent stimulation of the secretory cells (neutralize acid and promote healing of ulcers) • Proton pump inhibitors irreversibly stop the acid secretory pump imbedded in the parietal cells

  10. Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors (cont.) Adverse Reactions • Antacids: weakness, anorexia, diarrhea, frequent burping, bowel obstruction, constipation, hypermagnesemia • H2-receptor antagonists: dizziness, headache, somnolence, mild/brief diarrhea, hematology changes, muscle pain • Proton pump inhibitors: headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea; rarely rash, vomiting, and dizziness

  11. Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors (cont.) Drug Interactions • Antacids prevent absorption of many drugs • Dicumarol absorbed 50% faster when taken with antacids

  12. Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors (cont.) Nursing Implications and Patient Teaching • Assessment: interaction possibilities • Diagnosis: smoking/alcohol intake, stress • Planning: increase fluid intake • Implementation: forms and routes of administration vary • Evaluation: continued symptoms of GI distress • Patient and Family Teaching: administration times and drug specificity, adverse reactions, drug storage and efficacy, medical follow-up, drug interactions

  13. Anticholinergics and Antispasmodics • Motility • Symptoms • Classes of medications: anticholinergics, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals • Table 18-2

  14. Anticholinergics and Antispasmodics (cont.) Action and Uses • Anticholinergic-antispasmodic preparations reduce GI tract spasm and intestinal motility, acid production, and gastric motility, thus reducing pain • Use: peptic ulcer, pylorospasm, biliary colic, hypermotility, irritable colon, and acute pancreatitis • Antidiarrheals reduce the fluid content of the stool and decrease peristalsis and motility of the intestinal tract; increase smooth-muscle tone and diminish secretions • Use: treatment of nonspecific diarrhea or diarrhea caused by antibiotics

  15. Anticholinergics and Antispasmodics (cont.) Adverse Reactions • Anticholinergics: due to high dosages • Antidiarrheals

  16. Anticholinergics and Antispasmodics (cont.) Drug Interactions • New GI stimulants, when combined with other drugs that inhibit cytochrome P-450 4A4 systems, should be monitored for cardiac dysrhythmias Nursing Implications and Patient Teaching • Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation

  17. Laxatives • Aid in the elimination of stool from the rectum • Bulk-forming agents • Fecal softeners • Hyperosmolar or saline solutions • Lubricants • Stimulant or irritant laxatives • Tables 18-3 and 18-4

  18. Laxatives (cont.) Action and Uses • Bulk-forming laxatives absorb water and expand, increasing the bulk and moisture content of the stool; peristalsis increases, and absorbed water softens the stool • Fecal softeners lower the surface tension, which allows the fecal mass to be softened by intestinal fluids • Hyperosmolar laxatives produce an osmotic effect by drawing water into the bowel, thereby promoting peristalsis and bowel movement

  19. Laxatives (cont.) Action and Uses (cont.) • Lubricant laxatives create a barrier between feces and the colon, preventing colon reabsorption and causing softening of the stool • Stimulant or irritant laxatives work according to the agent

  20. Laxatives (cont.) Adverse Reactions • Nausea and vomiting, obstruction, hypersensitivity • Cramping, diarrhea • Electrolyte disturbances

  21. Laxatives (cont.) Drug Interactions • Reduced effectiveness of antibiotics, anticoagulants, digitalis, and salicylates when combined with laxatives Nursing Implications and Patient Teaching • Assessment (CHF)

  22. Miscellaneous Gastrointestinal Drugs • Antiflatulents • Pancreatic digestive enzymes • Emetics • Disulfiram • Table 18-5

  23. Antiflatulents • Break up and prevent mucus-surrounded pockets of gas from forming in the intestine; reduce gastric pain • Intended for short-term use

  24. Gallstone-Solubilizing Agents • Act on the liver to suppress cholesterol and cholic acid synthesis; biliary cholesterol desaturation is enhanced, and breakup occurs • Used in selected patients with radiolucent stones in gallbladder • Adverse reactions: dose related; diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, cramps, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, nonspecific abdominal pain, and vomiting

  25. Digestive Enzymes • Promote digestion by acting as replacement therapy when the body’s natural pancreatic enzymes are lacking, not secreted, or not properly absorbed

  26. Disulfiram • Used in the management of alcoholism • Unpleasant reaction when combined with alcohol

  27. Emetics • Used in emergencies to induce vomiting • Poison Control Center • Gastric lavage • Syrup of ipecac • Apomorphone

  28. Complementary and Alternative Therapies • Common products • Conditions • Drug interactions

More Related