REN21 Urban Energy Futures

1. Global Renewable Energy Policy Perspectives Lily Riahi REN 21 lily.riahi@ren21.net REN21 Urban Energy Futures www.ren21.net

2. About REN21 • Multi-stakeholder Policy Network grouping: national to local governments, industry, academia, INGOs, NGOs, civil society • Rationale: enable a rapid global transition to renewable energy. • REN21’s Mission: promote policies for worldwide renewable energy expansion through • objective policy guidance • high quality information • exchange among relevant actors REN21 Urban Energy Futures

3. Urban Energy Future: the World isMovingintoCities Half of the world’s population lives in citiestoday. REN21 Urban Energy Futures Nearly 60% of the world population willreside in urban areas by 2030, 70% 2050 Cities consume 2/3rd of the world’senergytoday , 80% by 2040.

4. Challenges faced by Cities Challenges of Cities in the future Reduce their greenhouse emissions - Currently 80% GHG Meet the growing energy needs of rising population -80% consumption by 2040 REN21 Urban Energy Futures Cities are working to be part of the SOLUTION and not the PROBLEM Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy HOW? What will the future look like?

5. REN21 Global Futures Report (GFR) • Tool to facilitate dialogue on the future of renewable energy • Aims at providing a simple overview on how the future of RE is currently seen by prominent experts, governments, and institutions • Based on more than 150 interviews conducted around the world • Emphasis on role of local governments and visions for cities of the future in terms of energy production and use • Aimed to capture what cities are doing to transform themselves so as to integrate the most renewable energy possible. • First review draft available uponrequest • The REN21 Global Status Report 2012 • “Cities and Local Government Policies”  REN21 Urban Energy Futures

6. The Push for RE: Policies, plans, or targets for RE and climate mitigation Green city Dynamics … • By 2011 • 62% of the world’s largest cities had adopted climate change actions • 57% had plans for GHG reductions with an emphasis on renewable energy • Examples of renewable energy targets by cities: • Vaxjo, Sweden aims to be 100% renewable energy driven by 2030 • City of Austin, USA 100% of own-use electricity is from renewables, 30% target met • Hamburg, Germany plans to reduce 80% of their CO2 emissions by 2050 (base 1990) • Cape Town, South Africa to produce 10% of its primary energy supply from renewable energy sources by 2020 • Seoul, South Korea has a renewable energy supply target of 20% by 2030 • 759 Sustainable Energy Action Plans submitted to EU Covenant of Mayors by end 2011 REN21 Urban Energy Futures

7. Trends: Integration of RE across Urban Policies and Sectors REN21 Urban Energy Futures

8. Smart Cities: the glue thatholdsit all together The concept of smart cities is to make extensive use of ICT to enhance energy efficiency, maximise the integration and use of renewables in buildings and in local electricity grid and ensure the smooth roll out of EV`s. It enables intelligent energy management and creates a system of: Smart Grids Smart Buildings Smart Transport Currently there are 102 smart city project in the world including Amsterdam, Seoul, Boulder, Colorado, Johannesburg, Lagos , Delhi and China REN21 Urban Energy Futures

9. Buildings: Consumers to Prosumers • Buildings currently account for 40% of the world energy consumption • Buildings around the world are considerably being transformed with the emergence of ‘passive buildings ’, ‘zero-energy buildings’, ‘net-zero buildings’, ‘carbon-neutral buildings’ and ‘living buildings’ REN21 Urban Energy Futures All new developments in Amsterdam to beenergyneutralfrom 2015 onwards. Oregon Sustainable Center in Portland All new buildings in Austin are to be carbon neutral by 2020

10. Heating and Cooling- the Sleeping Giant • As buildings are being transformed, cities and local governments will be looking to use more renewables for their heating and cooling purposes • District heating system will be key to an effective and green heating system using biomass, geothermal or solar thermal collectors. REN21 Urban Energy Futures Vaxjo, Sweden fulfills 90% of its heating demand from biomass Amsterdam district heating system uses biomass of biogas 98% of the homes in Copenhagen are connected to the district system fired by biomass Munich and Seoul are investing in geothermal; Munich already meeting 80% of its heating needs via geothermal sources

11. Vaxjo: a Model for transformation • Key strategiesinvolve: • Extension of the district heating system • Conversion fromelectricheating to distrctheating • Promote District cooling • Key actions: • Co-generation power plants fired by bioduel • Expansion of district heating to olderregions • Use of boilers fired by wood pellets • Installaton of solar panels at the swimming pool REN21 Urban Energy Futures The city provides subsidies for installation of smallscalebiomass boilers or solar panels in households

12. Transportation- Electric Mobility • Currently 85 % of energyused in urban transport comesfromfossil fuels • Rebuilding the urbantransportion system that are driven by renewablesis the goal of manycitiesaround the world. Hong Kong, Mexico City and Sydney are investingextensively in the electrification of theirrailwaysystems REN21 Urban Energy Futures Conversion of Rail bound transport to 100% RE e.gHamburg(by 2050) and Calgary Sao Paulo introduced 60 ethanol buses in 2011. 1200 buses are nowusing a B20 blend in the city of Sao Paulo. Johannesburg alsointroduced 25 ethanol buses in 2011 Mexico city iscurrently building solarpoweredcharging stations in order to to put 100 EV’s on the road by the end of 2012 Austin, Texas iscurrentlysupplying50 charging stations in the city withrenewableelectricity

13. Cities of the Future • Songdo, South Korea (6500 people): This eco-city is located 65km outside of Seoul and is being developed as the greenest business hub of the world. Aiming to be ready by 2015. • Tianjin Eco City, China (350,000 people) : This city of the future was born out of a partnership between China and Singapore and aims to be ready by 2020. REN21 Urban Energy Futures • PlanIT Valley, Portugal (150,000 people): This ambitious city development in northern Portugal is anticipated to be ready by 2015. The city will focus on advanced ICT infrastructure.

14. Turn the Switch to Green: Reinventing how electricity is being produced • Using Municipal Utilities • Transforming production infrastructure to integrate greater share of renewable energy in the electric supply in Munich, Copenhagen, Vaxjo, etc where the city owns the energy utility. • Transforming Power Purchasing Structure: Re-Municipalisation of Utilities • Hamburg and Boulder are re-municipalising their utility. Hamburg for instance has set up Hamburg Energie that will invest in RE. • San Francisco, California, established a public utility in order to provide the city with 100% renewable electricity by 2020 (beyond 33% state goal) via Community Choice Aggregation program • Renegotiating Contracts with Energy Utilities • Ithaca, New York has switched to 100 % RE electricity • Austin, Texas are powering their municipal facilities with 100% renewable. REN21 Urban Energy Futures

15. Policy Landscape • Doubling of countries with RE targets or policies in five years:55 in 2005 to 118 in early 2011 • Targets in at least 96 countries;more than half are developing countries. • Manytargets and policiesalsoexistatstate, provincial and local levels. • Targets represent commitments to: • Shares of electricity (typically 10–30%) • Total primary energy • Heat supply • Installed capacities of specific technologies, • Shares of biofuelin road transport fuels over 1-2 decades. • Many countries met 2010 targets (some data not available), some exceeded. Policy Landscape

16. WayForward: UNEP/GSR/GFR? • Re)gain utility ownership or control over energy procurement • Capitalise on geographically and climatically specific existing resources, explore unutilised capacities • Create effective financial incentive mechanisms to make RE cost-competitive with non-renewable energy • Enhance local capacity for effective project conceptualisation, planning, execution and evaluation • Improve interagency communication to avoid conflicting agendas • Enable municipal departments to apply their expertise within the local structure • Improve infrastructure for public transit, electric vehicles and non-motorised transport • Collaborate with other cities in the global network of urban RE initiatives • Promote technology and knowledge transfer to reduce cost barriers • Implement comprehensive public outreach and community involvement programs to ensure public acceptance • Institute a smart grid and net metering to connect cities with hinterland (and supergrid where applicable) and allow independent producers to sell surplus energy to the grid REN21 Urban Energy Futures

17. Coming soon... REN21 Renewables 2012 Global Status Report and Global Futures Report • Launch together with Global Trends • in RE investment on 11 June 2012 REN21 Renewable 2012 Global Status Report • Launch at the Abu Dhabi International Renewable Energy Conference ADIREC in January 2013 www.ren21.net Lily.Riahi@ren21.net