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Introduction to Pathophysiology

Introduction to Pathophysiology. Definitions. Pathophysiology-the physiology of abnormal states; specifically the functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease p atho - disease p hysio - physical or relationship to nature -ology- study of. “ Patho - “ Definitions.

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Introduction to Pathophysiology

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  1. Introduction to Pathophysiology

  2. Definitions Pathophysiology-the physiology of abnormal states; specificallythe functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease patho- disease physio- physical or relationship to nature -ology- study of

  3. “Patho- “ Definitions • Pathologist- one who studies disease • Surgical • Clinical • Forensic • Pathogens- microorganisms or agents that cause disease • Pathologic- caused by a disease • Pathogenesis- description of how a disease progresses

  4. Definitions So what is disease “dis-ease”? • Change in structure or function that is considered abnormal • Condition in which symptoms occur ALTERATION OF HOMEOSTASIS

  5. Definitions Disorder- derangement or abnormality of function Syndrome- group of symptoms, which might be caused by a specific disease but might also be caused by several interrelated problems

  6. Definitions • Pathogenesis of disease can be described as : • Acute- sudden onset/ often short term (days or weeks) • Chronic- disease last for extended period of time or has long healing period • Remission- symptoms are diminished or temporarily resolved • Exaceration-when symptoms flare up

  7. Definitions • Etiology- the study of the cause of a disease • Idiopathic- of unknown origin • Nosocomial- disease was aquired in hospital setting • Iatrogenic- problem arose from a prescribed treatment

  8. Predisposing Factors • Also known as RISK FACTORS- not cause but can make a person more susceptible to disease • Age • Sex • Environment • Lifestyle • Heredity

  9. Definitions • Diagniosis- identification or naming of a disease • Signs- what the health care worker sees and/or measures • Auscultation- listening with stethoscope • Palpation- feeling lightly • Percussion- tapping over body areas to hear sounds • Symptoms- what the patient reports

  10. Definitions • Prognosis- predicted outcome for disease • Complication- prognosis time is changed; onset of a second disease • Survival rate- % of people who live for a set time • Mortality rate- death rate • also known as fatal, lethal, or terminal

  11. Definitions • Treatment (Therapeutic) • Holistic medicine- treating the whole person rather than just the disease • Physiological, spiritual, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual • Interventions • Medicine • Surgery • Exercise • Nutritional modifications • Therapy (speech, physical, mental, etc) • Education

  12. Definitions • Treatment (continued) • Best plan is preventive plan • Should be followed up and modified as needed • Other treatment: palliative treatment- prevention of pain but not seeking cure for the disease

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