Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges

ระบบสารสนเทศ โอกาส และ ความท้าทาย Information SystemsOpportunities and Challenges ผศ. ดร. สมนึก คีรีโต ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมคอมพิวเตอร์ คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ฟ อีเมล์ sk@nontri.ku.ac.th โฮมเพจ www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~sk S. Keretho/IT for Organization

เนื้อหา • เนื้อหาใน 4 บทแรก เน้นเรื่อง • รากฐานของระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อองค์กรOrganizational Foundations of Information Systems • บทที่ 1 ระบบสารสนเทศ โอกาส และความท้าทาย • กรณีศึกษา การใช้ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อองค์กร • ระบบสารสนเทศ คือ อะไร • บทบาทใหม่ๆ ของระบบสารสนเทศในองค์กร • ความท้าทายของระบบสารสนเทศ: มุมมองของผู้บริหาร S. Keretho/IT for Organization

กรณีศึกษา: New Business Opportunities • ธุรกิจ ของบริษัท 7-Eleven ในญี่ปุ่น • A customer-focused orientation based on information technology:e.g. POS-TPS, Just-in-time, and Data Mining • ห้างสรรพสินค้า • 1872 - First mail-order catalogue (โดย Montgomery Ward & Co.) • 1995 - The Catalog Site www.catalogsite.com A World-Wide-Web electronic mall • Most organization need information systems, not just to survive, but to excel (prosper). S. Keretho/IT for Organization

IS helped the 7-Eleven company to • Increase salesby meeting customers’ demands, knowing exactly what the customer want and when. • Reduce costsby maintaining low inventory levels. • Increase quality of products. • Create alliances with suppliers. • Reduce costsby negotiating high quality products at low prices with suppliers. • Reduce costsby optimally utilizing shelf space, knowing when certain products are demanded during the day. • Increase productivityby electronically tracking employee performance. • Concentrateon its core business, which is a true convenience store operation. S. Keretho/IT for Organization

Annual Surveys conducted by Datamation • Research conducted in 1993-95 that the most important role of IS’s to support organization in their attempts to • Increase productivity (reduce cost, increase effectiveness). • Improve quality. • Create competitive advantage. • Attain company’s strategy. • Reorganize and reengineer. • Make better and more effective decisions. • Respond quickly to customer needs and to changes in the business or its environment. • Access a wealth of information. • Improve creativity and innovation. • Let’s call them - Critical Response Activities. S. Keretho/IT for Organization

Information Systems: Challenges and Opportunities Business Challenges Management Information Technology Information System BusinessSolutions Organization S. Keretho/IT for Organization

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • GLOBALIZATION • INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES • TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENT S. Keretho/IT for Organization

GLOBALIZATION • MANAGEMENT & CONTROL • COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS • GLOBAL WORK GROUPS • GLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS S. Keretho/IT for Organization

TRANSFORMATION • KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES • PRODUCTIVITY • NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES • KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET • TIME-BASED COMPETITION • SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE • TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT • LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASE S. Keretho/IT for Organization

TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISE • FLATTENING • DECENTRALIZATION • FLEXIBILITY • LOCATION INDEPENDENCE • LOW TRANSACTION COSTS • EMPOWERMENT • COLLABORATIVE WORK S. Keretho/IT for Organization

KNOWLEDGE- AND INFORMATION-INTENSE PRODUCTS • PRODUCTS THAT REQUIRE A GREAT DEAL OF LEARNING & KNOWLEDGE TO PRODUCE S. Keretho/IT for Organization

LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1992 60 50 40 Blue Collar 44.9 30 Farm 37.5 % OF THE LABOR FORCE White Collar 17.6 20 10 0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1992 S. Keretho/IT for Organization Source: Laudon & Loudon 1997

SYSTEM INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK S. Keretho/IT for Organization

FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT Customers Suppliers ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK Regulatory Stockholders Competitors Agencies S. Keretho/IT for Organization

INFORMATION SYSTEMS ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT S. Keretho/IT for Organization

Approaches to Information Systems TECHNICAL APPROACHES COMPUTER SCIENCE OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCE MIS SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES S. Keretho/IT for Organization

SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE INTERDEPENDENCE HARDWARE BUSINESS Strategy Rules Procedures SOFTWARE DATABASE TELE-COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM S. Keretho/IT for Organization

SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS • 1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES • 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL • 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES Growing Importance S. Keretho/IT for Organization

NEW OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN • FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS • SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION • INCREASING FLEXIBILITY • REFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES • ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • REORGANIZING WORK FLOWS * S. Keretho/IT for Organization

MANUFACTURING COMPANY DESIGN COMPANY LOGISTICS COMPANY SALES & MARKETING COMPANY CORE COMPANY FINANCE COMPANY VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION S. Keretho/IT for Organization

CHALLENGE OF INFO SYSTEMS • STRATEGIC: COMPETITIVE & EFFECTIVE • GLOBALIZATION: MULTINATIONAL INFO • INFO ARCHITECTURE: SUPPORT GOALS • INVESTMENT: VALUE OF INFORMATION • RESPONSIBILITY & CONTROL: ETHICS * S. Keretho/IT for Organization

WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNET • COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE • ACCESS INFORMATION • DISCUSSIONS • OBTAIN INFORMATION • ENTERTAINMENT • BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges