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World War II: The inevitable war

World War II: The inevitable war. Part I: Axis Aggression. Invasion of Poland. Blitzkrieg. Fall of France. Fall of France.

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World War II: The inevitable war

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  1. World War II:The inevitable war Part I: Axis Aggression

  2. Invasion of Poland

  3. Blitzkrieg

  4. Fall of France

  5. Fall of France • France & Great Britain stood by defensively while Germany conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands & Belgium • “Sitzkrieg”

  6. Fall of france • French & British troops were trapped by Germany’s rapid advance • 300,000 French & British troops were evacuated at beaches of Dunkirk to Great Britain

  7. Fall of france

  8. Fall of france • June 14, 1940: Germany enter Paris & France surrenders

  9. Fall of france • Germans occupy Northern France • Vichy France: puppet government set up in Southern France • Willingly collaborated with Nazi Germany

  10. Fall of france • General Charles DeGaulleled the government in exile – Free French • French resistance fighters continued to try to disrupt German occupation of France with assassination & sabotage

  11. Battle of britain

  12. Battle of Britain • Britain is basically all alone! • Winston Churchill = PM • Vows to never surrender!

  13. Battle of Britain • Hitler plans invasion of Britain • Summer 1940 Germany began a massive bombing campaign • Sept: the “Blitz” (bombing) of London(57 consecutive nights!)

  14. Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe (German Air Force) v. the Royal Air Force (RAF) • British use RAF, radar, & code-breaking to resist the Germans! • Hitler calls off attacks(no invasion of Britain!)

  15. America’s Supporting Role

  16. America’s supporting role • FDR = President • U.S. wants to remain neutral & avoid war, but FDR wants to strengthen Allies to resist Germany

  17. America’s supporting role • Cash & Carry: Allowed Allied nations to buy war goods from the United States • PROVISIONS: • Required to pay in cash • Required to transport the goods on their ownships

  18. America’s supporting role • Lend-Lease Plan: lend war equipment/goods to any country fighting against Germany

  19. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis • Tripartite Pact (1940): • Military alliance of the AXIS Powers • Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy & Imperial Japan

  20. Axis Powers on the attack

  21. Axis Forces Attack North Africa • Italy & Germany attacked French and British land holdings in North Africa • Summer 1942: German forces under Erwin Rommel (aka “the Desert Fox”) drive British out of Libya

  22. Axis forces in Balkans • Hitler invades Balkan countries to set up bases for attacking Soviet Union

  23. Axis forces in balkans • Uses threat of force to get Hungary, Romania, & Bulgaria join Axis powers • Yugoslavia & Greece resist but surrender quickly

  24. Operation Barbarossa • Hitler’s plan for invasion of Soviet Union • Hitler needed raw materials; oil & grain • Planned a 3-pronged attack on the Soviet Union

  25. Operation Barbarossa • Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad • Stalin responded with the scorched earth policy • Russian winter + Soviet counterattack = German retreat

  26. Japanese Aggression in Asia • Japan attempted to take Dutch & French colonial land holdings in the Pacific • The United States responded with a tradeembargo against Japan(cuts off oil shipments)

  27. Pearl Harbor • Dec 7, 1941 Japanese bombers attacked the US Pacific fleet based in Hawaii • 2 hours = most US naval ships destroyed & more than 2,300 people killed • BUT…aircraft carriers not in port!

  28. Pearl Harbor • Dec 8, 1941: FDR declares war!

  29. Japanese Victories • Japanese attack Philippine islands defended by U.S.; Fall to Japanese in 1942 • Japan captures Hong Kong Singapore, Dutch East Indies, & Burma – sets sights on India • Japanese forces treat conquered peoples & POWs brutally

  30. WWII BELLIGERENTS • Axis Powers: • Germany  Hitler • Italy  Mussolini • Japan  Hirohito/Tojo

  31. WWII BELLIGERENTS • Allied Powers: • Great Britain – Churchill • Soviet Union – Stalin • United States – Roosevelt • Government in Exile - “Free French”  DeGaulle

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