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6.3 – Health and the Digestive System

6.3 – Health and the Digestive System. (pages 233 – 238). The Importance of Good Nutrition. Good nutrition: Provides the energy our bodies need to carry out their many activities. Provides the raw materials our bodies need as building blocks but are unable to manufacture ourselves.

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6.3 – Health and the Digestive System

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  1. 6.3 – Health and the Digestive System (pages 233 – 238)

  2. The Importance of Good Nutrition • Good nutrition: • Provides the energy our bodies need to carry out their many activities. • Provides the raw materials our bodies need as building blocks but are unable to manufacture ourselves. • Deficiencies in eating healthy, exercising, getting proper amount of rest can severely affect our ability to function. • Society influences our diet choices.

  3. Common Digestive Disorders • The end result of digestion in the absorption of nutrients, salts, and water. • Most digestive disorders effect the nutritional state of the body or its salt and water content. • Some common digestive disorders: • Ulcers • Inflammatory bowel disease • Hepatitis • Cirrhosis • gallstones

  4. Ulcers • Most ulcers are the result of Helicobacter pylori, an acid resistant bacteria that attaches to the wall of the stomach. • Sites of bacterial colonization results in a loss of mucus production; stomach acid eats away the lining of the stomach. • Smoking, caffeine and alcohol intake, and stress can contribute to the formation of ulcers. • Treatment includes: • Antibiotics to kill bacteria • Lifestyle adjustments • Surgery blocking nerve signal or partial removal of stomach Ulcer formation

  5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Inflammatory bowel disease is the general name for disease that can inflammation in the intestines. • Crohn’s disease – a very painful disease, symptoms include frequent intestinal emptying. • Effects all layers of the small intestine. • Disease is difficult to diagnose. • Treatment includes pain control and the possible removal of the diseased portion of the intestine.

  6. Ulcerative Colitis– inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the colon, symptoms include loose and bloody stool, cramping, skin lesions, abnormal growth in children • Affects the innermost lining of the colon. • Surgery is a final option; includes the removal of the bowel and rectum with an external opening created for waste. Ulcerative Colitis - Stephanie's Story What is a Stoma? How To Use an Ostomy Bag

  7. Hepatitis • Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. • Three types of hepatitis: • Hepatitis A – usually contracted from drinking contaminated water. • Hepatitis B – highly contagious, spread by sexual contact, vaccines can protect against it. • Hepatitis C – usually contracted by contact with infected blood. Hepatitis C Animation

  8. Cirrhosis • Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, preventing the liver from functioning normally. • Alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common causes of cirrhosis of the liver. • The liver readily regenerates itself, however is extreme cases the regeneration of the tissues is not enough to avoid over failure.

  9. Gallstones • Cholesteroltypically remains in solution in the bile. • Under certain condition the cholesterol may precipitate out and gradually form into gallstones. • Gallstones block the passage of bile through the bile duct and may cause pain or jaundice.

  10. Societal Views Shape Diet and Disorder • Anorexia Nervosa – a morbid fear of gaining weight. Individuals with the disorder starve themselves and typically have a body mass that is less than 85% of what is considered to be healthy. • Complications due to starvation include: • Low blood pressure and an irregular heartbeat • Menstruation stops and abnormal function of internal organs • As digestive tract stops working even fewer nutrients can be absorbed. • Treatment includes: • Stabilizing life-threatening complications • Psychological therapy (behavioural and family) Isabelle Caro’s Story

  11. Obesity – characterized by a body mass that is 20% or more above what is considered to be healthy. • More than half of Canadians are classified as being overweight or obese. • Obesity is likely caused by a combination of factors: • Hormones • Genetics • Life style • Social factors including: eating habits of family members, eating foods high in fat, sedentary activities, inadequate exercise. • Surgery to remove body fat may be considered for individuals suffering from high blood pressure or joint and bone impairment. Gastric By –Pass Surgery Lap-Band

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