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KS3 Physics. 7I Energy Resources. Contents. 7I Energy Resources. The nature of energy. Energy resources. Fossil fuels. Summary activities. Different types of energy . There are many different types of energy: . thermal light sound elastic gravitational kinetic
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KS3 Physics 7I Energy Resources
Contents 7I Energy Resources The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities
Different types of energy There are many different types of energy: thermal light sound elastic gravitational kinetic electrical chemical nuclear Can you think of examples of each type of energy?
Energy transfer Energy can be changed from one form to another. For example: • Chemical energy in food is converted to thermal energy and kinetic energy by our bodies. • Gravitational energy in a ball is converted to kinetic energy when it falls to the ground. What other energy transfers can you think of?
What is the energy transfer? What energy transfer takes place in each device? • burning match • portable torch • microphone • radio • television • catapult • mobile phone • car chemical to heat and light chemical to heat and light sound to electrical electrical to sound and heat electrical to sound and light and heat elastic to kinetic and heat chemical to sound and microwaves (EM radiation) and heat chemical to kinetic and sound and heat In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created.
Contents 7I Energy Resources The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities
Using energy Humans use chemical energy (from food) to live and function. However, in a modern society we also use large amounts of energy from other sources. Can you think of some activities requiring energy? • travelling and communicating over long distances; • controlling our environment, e.g. air conditioning/heating; • manufacturing and building many kinds of materials and products, e.g. roads, cars, buildings, prepared food. Where does the energy for these type of activities come from?
Energy resources in the UK • Energy resources can be divided into two types: • renewable(e.g. hydroelectric); • non-renewable (e.g. coal, oil,nuclearand natural gas).
Non-renewable energy resources natural gas oil coal Oil, coal and natural gas are examples offossil fuels. They were formed from biological deposits over the course of millions of years. There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on the Earth and they will eventually run out. Once fossil fuels are used they cannot be regenerated and used again, so they are called non-renewable.
Renewable energy sources Renewable energy resources will not run out because they can easily be regenerated. • Examples of renewable energy resources are: • wind power • solar power • tidal power • biomass Only 2% of the UK’s energy comes from renewable sources. Can you think of a reason why?
Energy and the Sun The Sun The Sun is the original source of most energy resources. Plants store the Sun’s energy through photosynthesis. Animals then eat the plants.
Energy resources from the Sun oil waves coal The Sun is the original source of most energy resources. biomass wind food natural gas
Contents 7I Energy Resources The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities
How coal was formed About 300 million years ago, trees and other plantsphotosynthesizedand stored the Sun’s energy. Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud prevented them from rotting away. Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plant remains. After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the dead plants becamecoal.
How oil and gas were formed Oil and gas are also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like today, their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but did not rot away. Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas. This sample of crude oil was formed in southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity.
Contents 7I Energy Resources The nature of energy Energy resources Fossil fuels Summary activities
Glossary • energy–The ability to do work – it exists in different forms such as chemical, electrical, heat and light. • energy transfer–Changing energy from one form to another. • energy resource–A substance that is a source of energy. • fuel–A substance that releases energy when it burns. • fossil fuel– A fuel that is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, such as coal, oil and natural gas. • non-renewable –An energy resource that cannot be replaced and will eventually run out. • renewable–An energy resource that can be replaced and will not run out.
