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Chapter 1 Morality

Chapter 1 Morality. Choosing what kind of person you want to become. Basic moral norms. Some basic moral norms across most human cultures Do good, avoid evil. Do (not) do unto others … Ends do not justify means. Follow what nature intends. In general, civil laws are to be obeyed.

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Chapter 1 Morality

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  1. Chapter 1Morality Choosing what kind of person you want to become

  2. Basic moral norms • Some basic moral norms across most human cultures • Do good, avoid evil. • Do (not) do unto others … • Ends do not justify means. • Follow what nature intends. • In general, civil laws are to be obeyed. • When laws are unjust, we may be obliged to resist them.

  3. AVOID evil … DO good. • Basic morality • What is the evil thing to avoid? • What is the good thing to do? • Fundamental moral questions • Notice we did not say "Do good: kill/punish/torment/silence evil people."

  4. Do (not) do unto others … • Confucius: "What you do not wish upon yourself, extend not to others." • Taoism: "Regard your neighbor’s gain as your gain, and your neighbor’s loss as your own loss." • Zoroaster: "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others." • Moses: "Love your neighbor as your self." (Leviticus 19:18) • Buddha: "Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful." • Mahabharata (Hindu scripture): One should not behave towards others in a way which is disagreeable to oneself. • Seneca (Roman philosopher): "Treat your inferiors as you would be treated by your superiors." • Rabbi Hillel: "What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow man. This is the law: all the rest is commentary." • Jesus: "Do unto others as you would have do unto you." (Matthew 7:12) • Mohammed: "No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself." • Sikh faith: "No one is my enemy, none a stranger and everyone is my friend." Guru Arjan Dev • Immanuel Kant: "Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it would become a universal law." • Bahai faith: "Wish not for others what you wish not for yourselves" • Mohandas Gandhi: "An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind." • Karl Popper: "The golden rule ... is further improved by doing unto others, wherever possible, as they want to be done by."

  5. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others. • Zoroaster,Persian prophet(12th century BC)

  6. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Love your neighbor as your self. • Moses,Hebrew prophet(ca. 10th to 12th century BC)

  7. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful. • Siddhārtha Gautama,the Buddha(563-483 BC)

  8. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Regard your neighbor’s gain as your gain, and your neighbor’s loss as your own loss. • Laozi,founder of Taoism(5th-6th century BC)

  9. Universal ethic of reciprocity • What you do not wish upon yourself, extend not to others. • Confucius,founder of Confucianism(551-497 BC)

  10. Universal ethic of reciprocity • One should not behave towards others in a way which is disagreeable to oneself. • Mahabharata,Hindu scripture(3rd to 5th century BC)

  11. Universal ethic of reciprocity • What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow man. This is the law: all the rest is commentary. • Rabbi Hillel,1st century Rabbi(ca. 30 BC-10 AD)

  12. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. • Jesus of Nazareth,founder of Christianity(8 BC-36 AD)

  13. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Treat your inferiors as you would be treated by your superiors. • Lucius Annaeus Seneca,Roman philosopher(ca. 4 BC-65 AD)

  14. Universal ethic of reciprocity • No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself. • Prophet Muhammed,founder of Islam(570-632)

  15. Universal ethic of reciprocity • No one is my enemy, none a stranger and everyone is my friend. • Guru Arjan Dev,fifth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism(1563-1606)

  16. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it would become a universal law. • Immanuel Kant,German philosopher(1724-1804)

  17. Universal ethic of reciprocity • Wish not for others what you wish not for yourselves. • Bahaullah,founder of the Baha’i faith(Persia, 1817-1892)

  18. Universal ethic of reciprocity • An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind. • Mohandas Karamchand Mahatma Gandhi,Indian independence leader(1868-1948)

  19. Universal ethic of reciprocity • The golden rule ... is further improved by doing unto others, wherever possible, as they want to be done by. • Karl Popper,British philosopher(1902-1994)

  20. Universal ethic of reciprocity • “Love, and do what you will” • St. Augustine of Hippo (354 to 430 CE) (one of Mr. Gentry’s personal mottos)

  21. … and the rest? • Ends do not justify means. • Follow what nature intends. • In general, civil laws are to be obeyed. • When laws are unjust, we may be obliged to resist them.

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