The Great Schism

1. The Great Schism

2. Objectives • The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 C.E. by: • Explaining disputes that led to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church • Assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and trade on Russia and Eastern Europe • Essential Questions • What factors produced the division within the Christian church? • Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe?

3. Split between Rome and Constantinople • Eastern Christianity built on works of early fathers • Saint Basil • Wrote rules for monks • Saint John Chrysostom • Patriarch of East • Patriarchs had to bow to emperor • Controversy in 8th century • Emperor Leo III banned use of icons • Called it idol worship • Army and iconoclasts started destroying icons • Pope excommunicated Byzantine Emperor • Not until 843 C.E. are icons restored to Eastern churches • The Great Schism • Divide continues to grow • 1054 C.E. the Pope and patriarch excommunicated each other over a dispute in religious doctrin • Led to permanent split or schism in church

4. Differences Between Eastern church and western church

5. Spread of Byzantine Culture • Trade routes allowed for increased contact • Black Sea • Baltic Sea • Slavs began trading with Constantinople in 9th century • Cultural diffusion occurred and Russian culture grew out of blending of Slavic and Greek traditions

6. Byzantine Missionaries convert the slavs • Missionaries spread religion eastward • Helped spread Orthodox Christianity to Eastern Europe and Russia • Two most successful missionaries • Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril • Invented alphabet for Slavic language • Could read bible in own tongues • Called Cyrillic alphabet • Helped spread religion further • Rise of Russia • Group called the Rus organized in 800s C.E. • Most likely Vikings • Nearby rivers allow trade • Dneiper, Don, and Volga • City of Kiev becomes center of Rus

7. Russian Orthodox Christianity • Kiev becomes Orthodox • Princess Olga visits Constantinople in 957 C.E. • Converted to Christianity • Her grandson Vladmir • Sent out teams to observe three major religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism • Report on Constantinople convinced Vladmir to convert to Eastern Orthodoxy 988 A.D. • Married a Byzantine Princess • Kiev became seat of an Orthodox Bishop

8. Kiev’s Rise and Decline • Vladmir leads the way • Vladmir and his son expanded Kiev and consolidated power • Marriages helped form trading alliances with Western Europe • Decline began when empire was divided • Mongol Invasions • Invaded in 1200s • Attacked and demolished Kiev • Mongol rule in Russia • After fall of Kiev Mongols ruled all of Southern Russia • Called the “Khanate of the Golden Horde” • Let Russians retain usual customs and tolerated religion • Established city of Moscow • Demanded only obedience and tributes • Eventually led to overthrow by “Russians”

10. The influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia and Eastern Europe