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The Schism -- Raskol. 1598-1613 The Time of Troubles and the Rise of the Romanovs 1652-1658 Patriarch Nikon’s Reforms Textual corrections Spelling of “Jesus” Sign of the Cross Three “Hallelujas” Archpriest Avvakum’s Autobiography (burnt at the stake in 1682). Implications of Schism.
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The Schism -- Raskol • 1598-1613 The Time of Troubles and the Rise of the Romanovs • 1652-1658 Patriarch Nikon’s Reforms • Textual corrections • Spelling of “Jesus” • Sign of the Cross • Three “Hallelujas” • Archpriest Avvakum’s Autobiography (burnt at the stake in 1682)
Implications of Schism • “Anti-modern” “anti-foreign” nationalistic (pride in the Muscovite Church as superior): “the opposite of the Reformation” • Only opposition to increasingly powerful autocracy, democratic and industrious (wealthiest peasants): parallel w/ Calvinism • Created religious/political martyrdom within Russian culture
Discussion Questions for Castration and the Heavenly Kingdom • What importance does Engelstein attribute to Latyshev’s archive? Why do you think she begins her study of the Skoptsy with this chapter, “The Archives of Eternity?” • Why do peasants in Orel province (the heart of Russia) choose castration? What are the practical, attitudinal, and symbolic reasons for this choice? • What is the profile of a Skopets? What kind of people were the leaders and founders of the movement, and what kind of people were its followers?