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The Mother Tongue

The Mother Tongue. Indo-European Languages. Cultural Fusion of the Early Middle Ages 5th-11th centuries. Fall of Rome Celtic Influences Norse-Germanic Influences Spread of Christianity throughout Europe Islamic Influences Feudalism Empires and Kingdoms. Celtic Migrations.

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The Mother Tongue

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  1. The Mother Tongue Indo-European Languages

  2. Cultural Fusion of the Early Middle Ages5th-11th centuries • Fall of Rome • Celtic Influences • Norse-Germanic Influences • Spread of Christianity throughout Europe • Islamic Influences • Feudalism • Empires and Kingdoms

  3. Celtic Migrations Hallstatt

  4. Celtic Influences • Decorative • Animal motifs • Arabesques • Religious • Scholarship • Monasticism • Literary • Epics and folklore • Sovranty: Love-Political Triangle • King-Queen-Suitor/Challenger • Arthur-Guinevere-Lancelot

  5. The Book of Kells

  6. RomanBritain1st-5th c.

  7. Fall of Rome • 330: Constantine moved the capitol of the Roman Empire to Constantinople • 402: Honorius moved capitol of the Western Empire from Rome to Ravenna • 410: Visigoths sacked Rome • 455: Vandals sacked Rome and took control of N. Africa and Spain • 5th c.: Waves of Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded Britain and Burgundians controlled much of France • 476: Goths seized Rome: Odoacer became Emperor

  8. VölkerwanderrungGermanic Migrations

  9. Germanic Comitatus or Kinship Groups • König, eorlas und thanes: kings, nobles and warrior • Mutual loyalty -- warriors fight for king, king is generous to warriors • Originally a socially egalitarian setup, during the third and fourth centuries CE, it became socially stratified • Basis for feudal loyalty • Ideal and philosophy expressed in oral epics like Beowulf and The Song of Roland

  10. The Lindisfarne Gospels

  11. Viking Conquests

  12. I've been with sword and,spearslippery with bright bloodwhere kites wheeled. And how wellwe violent Vikings clashed!Redflames ate up men's roofs,raging we killed and killed;and skewered bodies sprawledsleepy in town gateways.

  13. Viking Runes

  14. The Normans • Vikings, or Norsemen, who settled in northern France (or the Frankish kingdom), together with their descendants • A Viking named Rollo emerged as the leader among the new settlers. • The Normans founded the duchy of Normandy and sent out expeditions of conquest and colonization to southern Italy and Sicily and to England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.

  15. Norman Conquest • 1066: Contest for the English crown: • Harold, Earl of Wessex: Anglo-Saxon claimant • Harald Hardrada of Norway • William Duke of Normandy • Battle of Stamford Bridge: Harold defeated Hardrada's army which invaded using over 300 ships; so many were killed that only 25 ships were needed to transport the survivors home. • Battle of Hastings: William led Norman forces against the English. Harold killed in battle; William seized the throne • William the Conqueror

  16. BAYEUX TAPESTRYEnglish axman in combat with Norman cavalry during the Battle of Hastings

  17. Tower of London Norman Castles Motte and Bailey Castle

  18. Evolution of English Language • 650 bce- 500 ce: Celtic domination of British Isles: Gaelic: Irish, Welsh, Scots, Breton • 2nd C. ce: Roman conquest: Latin • 5th C. ce: Germanic invasions by Angles, Saxons and Jutes: Anglo-Saxon/Old English • 8th- 10th C: Viking invasions: Old Norse • 1066: Norman conquest: Norman French →Anglo-Norman • 1200-1500: Middle English: literary fusion • 1500: Great Vowel Shift: Early Modern English • 1700: Modern English

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