1 / 31

Calf Mortality in Cow Herds

Calf Mortality in Cow Herds . Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Program Leader for Extension Veterinary Medicine Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas. Calf Scours. Causative Disease Agents Calf Ages Bacteria E. coli <5 da C. perfringens B, C 5-30 da

theodore
Download Presentation

Calf Mortality in Cow Herds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Calf Mortality in Cow Herds Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Program Leader for Extension Veterinary Medicine Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas

  2. Calf Scours

  3. Causative Disease Agents Calf Ages Bacteria E. coli <5 da C. perfringens B, C 5-30 da C. perfringens D >30 da Salmonella >15 da Viruses Rotavirus 5-15 da Coronavirus 5-15 da BVD >30 da

  4. Protozoa Cryptosporidia 5-30 da Coccidia >15 da

  5. Calf Ages Disease Agents <5 da E. coli 5-15 da Rotavirus Coronavirus C. perfringens B, C Cryptosporidia

  6. 15-30 da C. perfringens B, C Cryptosporidia Coccidia Salmonella >30 da Coccidia Salmonella C. perfringens D BVD

  7. Disease Agent Sources • Carrier Cows, Heifers • Manure – Vulva, ground (teats, haircoat, grass, hay) • Diseased Calves • Scours – Ground (haircoat, grass, hay)

  8. Calf Pathology/Signs • Intestinal Mucosa Damage • Irritation, necrosis, toxins • Diarrhea, Dehydration • Malabsorption • Hypersecretion • Colon fermentation, fluid retention

  9. Electrolyte Imbalance • Acidosis – bicarbonate loss • Body Weakness • Reduced Nursing • Possible Septicemia

  10. Calf Septicemia

  11. Causative Disease Agents • E. coli • Lepto

  12. Calf Pneumonia

  13. Causative Disease Agents Bacteria Pasteurella H. somnus Viruses IBR PI3 BRSV BVD

  14. Stress • Weather • Weaning

  15. Disease Incidence Factors • Carrier Cows, Heifers, Calves - Disease agents • Contaminated Environment - Disease agents • Stressed Cows, Heifers - Suppressed immunity • Disease agent shedding • Reduced colostrum quantity • Reduced colostrum globulins (quality)

  16. Thin Cows, Heifers – Low Energy Diet • Reduced colostrum quantity • Reduced colostrum globulins (quality) • Heifers Colostrum – Lower quantity, quality • Calves Late Colostrum Intake • No local, systemic immunity • >6 hrs, >24 hrs after birth

  17. Calves, Low Colostrum Intake • Weak local, systemic immunity • < 10% body weight – First 24 hrs • Weak local immunity • <10% body weight – Second day • <10% body weight – Third day • Stressed Calves • Dystocia, cold stress • Colostrum intake – Low, late • Heat stress • Globulin absorption - Reduced

  18. Disease Management Practices • Sanitary Measures • Maternity pasture • 7 da pre-calving to 1 da post-calving • 15 acres per 75 females • Rotate pastures anually

  19. Nursery pasture • 3 wks • 20 acres per 75 pairs • Rotate pastures annually • Nursing pasture • 3 wks post-calving to weaning • Prevent overcrowdedness

  20. Treatment pasture/pen • Isolate diseased calves • 1 wk minimum • Haying, Supplement Feeding Facilities • Rotate locations • Manure removal

  21. Shelter Facilities • Manure removal • Prevent Stress in Pregnant Cows, Heifers • Provide shelter, wind breaks • Energy diet (grain) – last trimester • Assure calf nursing • Within 6 hours of birth

  22. Identify Reasons for Late/Low Colostrum Intake/Absorption • Abandoned calf • Calf can’t find teat • Big teats • Weak calf • Calf kicked off • Calf not mothered • Udder not distended • Caesarean cow/heifer

  23. Bottle Feed Non-nursing Calf • Within 6 hrs of Birth • Colostrum quantity – 5% body weight • Next 18 – 24 hrs • Colostrum quantity – 5% body weight • Days 2 and 3 • Colostrum quantity – 10% body weight

  24. Disease Diagnostic Procedures • Laboratory Tests of Fresh Scour Specimen • Bacteria culture/antibiotic sensitivity • Virus isolation • Protozoa demonstration

  25. Disease Vaccination Practices • Pre-calving Vaccination of Pregnant Cows, Heifers • Procedures • Intramuscularly, subcutaneously • 2 doses, 2-3 and 6-8 wks before calving • 1 dose annually

  26. Products • E. coli K-99 Bacterin • Rotavirus/Coronavirus Vaccine (Killed, Modified live) • C. perfringens C,D (B) Bacterin (7-way Blackleg) • Lepto (5–way) • IBR/PI3/BRSV/BVD • Pasteurella • H. somnus

  27. Vaccination of Calves at Calving • Procedures • Orally • 1 dose at birth • Products • E. coli K-99 Monoclonal Antibody • Rotavirus/Coronavirus Vaccine (Modified live)

  28. Disease Treatment Practices • Dehydrated Calves • Procedures • Orally, intravenously, intramuscularly • Products • Oral electrolytes – 1 to 2 qts. Every 6 to 8 hrs. • Intravenous electrolytes • Antibiotics – E. coli septicemia

  29. Genetic Defects • Homozygous Recessive Genes • Double Recessive Genes • Passed by both Parents

  30. Anal Atresia • Scrotal Hernia • Cryptorchidism • Cleft Palate • Over-shot Jaw • Mulefoot • Dwarfism • Five-legged • Supernumerary Teats • No Teats • No Tail

  31. Twinning • Genetic Inheritable (1% Rate) • Free Martins • Lighter Birth Weights • Heavier Dual Weaning Weights • Retained Placentas • Dystocias • Perinatal Calf Mortality • Reduced Fertility • Increased Nutritional Requirements

More Related